Transcript Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

Unit 3
Racism(s) & discrimination
Racism & isms
……… sexism, disableism, ageism, homophobia
Neil Thompson
Racism can be defined as an attitude (ideology) or
action (behaviour) that disadvantages
individuals or groups on the basis of their
“racial” inferiority[1], mainly by means of
limiting their access to scarce resources.
1] Racial difference or racial inferiority is often
perceived or constructed in terms of different
culture, ethnicity, religion, language, etc.
See Unit 6
Explanations of racism:
1. Psychological ”Some people are like that”
2. Lack of knowledge, ignorance
„To know is to love“
3. Intergroup relations ”Birds of a feather”
4. Individuals are racists because the
structures, practices, and values of our
society are racist. ”Its the system”
Discrimination/isms:
Personal – Cultural - Structural
Neil Thompson
P
C
S
Racisms – cont.
•
•
•
from violent attacks or scapegoating
to paternalistic crypto-racist assistance to m.
tendency to deny racism (unacceptable)
two main meanings:
1) ideology (beliefs) about racial superiority
2) “the whole complex of factors which produce
racial discrimination” and sometimes also
“those which produce racial disadvantage”
Cashmore
Racism as ideology
1. the so called “scientific racism of the 19th century”,
manifested for example in the publication by
Herrnstein, Murray, 1995
2. “popular” racism or “common sense” racism that is
based on ethnocentrism, a tendency to believe
that one´s own cultural paradigm is universal,
neutral and superior to any other culture
In other words…
Racism
1. denies all difference in the name of
universality of the human nature, but
unconsciously it takes back this universality
to the dominant model;
2. uses the obvious differences to turn them
into instruments of domination, exploitation,
condemnation, exclusion, or extermination.
Racisms- cont.
„Racism, in short, involves
(a)stereotypes about difference and inferiority
(b)use of power to exclude, discriminate, subjugate“
The Parekh Report, 2000
Attitudes
Behaviour
Structures
Prejudice
Discrimination
Inequality
Racisms – cont.
Prejudice
Discrimination
Exclusion
Assimilation and Racism (Bauböck)
assimilation is possible
yes
no
yes
compulsory
assimilation
racist
double-bind
no
pluralism
segregation
assimilation
is required
assimilationist policies
inclusiveness
Assimilationist model
DIFFERENCE
DEFICIT
ASSIMILATION
ASSIMILATION
COMPENSATORY PROGRAMMES
Does the individual fit
into the System or ‘Institution’?
Curriculum (Multiculturalism)
model
Cultural Effects
CULTURES
LIFESTYLES
ATTITUDES
PLURALIST
PLURALIST
TOLERANCE AND HARMONY
Does the organisation of this ‘institution’
recognise Diversity ?
Equity/Rights Model
Social and Political Effects
EQUITY
PARTICIPATION
ANTIDISCRIMINATORY
ANTIDISCRIMINATORY
LIFE CHANCES
Are people enabled in this ‘institution’?
Do the structures allow for
achievement, growth and opportunities?