Transcript Endocrine System

Endocrine System
• Comprised of glands
and other tissues that
produce hormones
Endocrine System
• Hormones
– chemicals produced in
response to specific stimuli
that stimulate reactions in
specific body organs and
tissues
– released directly into the
bloodstream, interact with
receptors causing the
target tissue to perform a
specific function
Endocrine System
• Hypothalamus
– Regulates and
coordinates many
endocrine organs by
regulating the release
of hormones from the
pituitary gland
– Regulates body
temperature, appetite,
and thirst
Hormones of the Hypothalmus
• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): increases water
absorption into the blood by the kidneys
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH): triggers the
release of corticosteroids, which help regulate
metabolism and immune response
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): stimulates
the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH), which work together to ensure
normal functioning of the ovaries and testes
Hormones of the Hypothalmus
•
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormoneinhibiting hormone (GHIH): triggers the release of growth hormone (GH);
GHIH has the opposite effect . GH is essential to maintaining a healthy body
composition (bone, muscle growth)
•
Oxytocin: aids with: ability to trust, body temperature, sleep cycles, and
lactation
•
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) or prolactin-inhibiting hormone
(PIH): prompts the production of prolactin for milk production. PIH inhibits
prolactin
•
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): triggers the release of thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates release of thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, energy, and growth and development
Endocrine System
• Pituitary
– Anterior pituitary
– Posterior pituitary
• Important roles in
regulating growth,
metabolism,
reproduction, lactation,
and water balance
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
•
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): ACTH stimulates the adrenal
glands to produce hormones
•
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH works with LH to ensure normal
functioning of the ovaries and testes
•
Growth hormone (GH): GH is essential in early years to maintaining a
healthy body composition and for growth in children. In adults, it aids
healthy bone and muscle mass and affects fat distribution
•
Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH works with FSH to ensure normal
functioning of the ovaries and testes
•
Prolactin: Prolactin stimulates breast milk production
•
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce hormones.
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): prompts
the kidneys to increase water absorption in
the blood
• Oxytocin: contracting the uterus during
childbirth, milk production, trust
Endocrine System
• Thyroid gland
– Thyroxine
• Regulates metabolism,
and calcitonin
– Calcitonin lowers
blood calcium levels
when high by
inhibiting osetoclasts
• Parathyroid gland
– Parathyroid hormone
• Raises blood calcium
levels when low by
stimulating osteoclasts
Endocrine System
• Adrenal glands
– Located on top of
kidneys
– Adrenal cortex
produces cortisol and
sex hormones
– The adrenal medulla
produces epinephrine
and norepinephrine
Endocrine System
• Pancreas
– Produce bicarbonate
(buffer) and digestive
enzymes
– Insulin
• Keeps glucose
concentrations from
getting too high
– Glucagon
• Triggers release of
glucose when
concentrations are low
Endocrine System
• Ovaries
– Produce estrogens, progesterone
– Prepare the reproductive tract for pregnancy
and are also responsible for female sexual
behavior and mammary gland development
• Testes
– Produce testosterone and estrogens
– Involved in sperm production and maturation
as well as the secondary sex characteristics
of males