Transcript Clicker review Chapter 10

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CHAPTER
10
The
Endocrine
System
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following regulates hormone
secretion at the highest level of endocrine
control?
a)
b)
c)
d)
anterior lobe of pituitary gland
posterior lobe of pituitary gland
adrenal medullae
hypothalamus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following regulates hormone
secretion at the highest level of endocrine
control?
a)
b)
c)
d)
anterior lobe of pituitary gland
posterior lobe of pituitary gland
adrenal medullae
hypothalamus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which
hormone type?
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acid derivatives
steroid hormones
eicosanoids
peptide hormones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which
hormone type?
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acid derivatives
steroid hormones
eicosanoids
peptide hormones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following bind to receptors on a target
cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors
on the membrane's inner surface?
a)
b)
c)
d)
epinephrine
norepinephrine
eicosanoids
peptide hormones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following bind to receptors on a target
cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors
on the membrane's inner surface?
a)
b)
c)
d)
epinephrine
norepinephrine
eicosanoids
peptide hormones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones cross the cell
membrane before binding to intracellular
receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or
mitochondria?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ADH and oxytocin
steroid and thyroid hormones
growth hormones and melatonin
epinephrine and norepinephrine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones cross the cell
membrane before binding to intracellular
receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or
mitochondria?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ADH and oxytocin
steroid and thyroid hormones
growth hormones and melatonin
epinephrine and norepinephrine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following are examples of common
second messengers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions
magnesium ions and calcium ions
cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions
cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following are examples of common
second messengers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions
magnesium ions and calcium ions
cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions
cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones is released
from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
antidiuretic hormone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones is released
from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
antidiuretic hormone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial
cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone
secretion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
growth hormone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial
cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone
secretion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
growth hormone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from
the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of
iodine attached?
a)
b)
c)
d)
triiodothyronine
calcitonin
thyroxine
PTH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from
the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of
iodine attached?
a)
b)
c)
d)
triiodothyronine
calcitonin
thyroxine
PTH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is true when the calcium
ion concentration of the blood rises above
normal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Parafollicular cells release calcitonin.
Follicular epithelial cells release T3.
C cells release thyroxine.
Follicular epithelial cells release T4.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is true when the calcium
ion concentration of the blood rises above
normal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Parafollicular cells release calcitonin.
Follicular epithelial cells release T3.
C cells release thyroxine.
Follicular epithelial cells release T4.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why are almost all of the released thyroid
hormones unavailable?
a) They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream.
b) The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in
the body.
c) The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often
inactive.
d) They become attached to plasma proteins in the
bloodstream.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why are almost all of the released thyroid
hormones unavailable?
a) They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream.
b) The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in
the body.
c) The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often
inactive.
d) They become attached to plasma proteins in the
bloodstream.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Following epinephrine and norepinephrine
release, the metabolic changes peak how long
after adrenal stimulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 minute
10 minutes
30 seconds
500 milliseconds
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Following epinephrine and norepinephrine
release, the metabolic changes peak how long
after adrenal stimulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 minute
10 minutes
30 seconds
500 milliseconds
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid
hormone?
a) decreased calcium concentration in body fluids
b) increased energy utilization, growth, and
development
c) increased calcium concentration in body fluids
d) release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and
lipids from adipose
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid
hormone?
a) decreased calcium concentration in body fluids
b) increased energy utilization, growth, and
development
c) increased calcium concentration in body fluids
d) release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and
lipids from adipose
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Kidneys are the primary target for which of the
following hormones?
a)
b)
c)
d)
mineralocorticoids
androgens
epinephrine and norepinephrine
glucocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Kidneys are the primary target for which of the
following hormones?
a)
b)
c)
d)
mineralocorticoids
androgens
epinephrine and norepinephrine
glucocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones have antiinflammatory effects?
a)
b)
c)
d)
epinephrine and norepinephrine
glucocorticoids
androgens
mineralocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones have antiinflammatory effects?
a)
b)
c)
d)
epinephrine and norepinephrine
glucocorticoids
androgens
mineralocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to
which of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
a rise in blood potassium levels
an increase in blood sodium content
an increase in blood pressure
a drop in blood potassium content
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to
which of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
a rise in blood potassium levels
an increase in blood sodium content
an increase in blood pressure
a drop in blood potassium content
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose
levels result in secretion of ________ by
________ cells of the pancreas.
a)
b)
c)
d)
insulin; beta
glucagon; alpha
melatonin; beta
glucagon; beta
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose
levels result in secretion of ________ by
________ cells of the pancreas.
a)
b)
c)
d)
insulin; beta
glucagon; alpha
melatonin; beta
glucagon; beta
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones may protect
CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric
oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
melatonin
insulin
melanin
glucagon
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones may protect
CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric
oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
melatonin
insulin
melanin
glucagon
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following groups of cells do not
have insulin receptors in their plasma
membranes?
a) epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells
b) neurons and red blood cells
c) epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum
spinosum of the epidermis
d) white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal
lining
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following groups of cells do not
have insulin receptors in their plasma
membranes?
a) epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells
b) neurons and red blood cells
c) epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum
spinosum of the epidermis
d) white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal
lining
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Increased synthesis and release of glucose
from the liver are a result of the activation of
which cells/organs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
beta cells of the pancreas
pineal gland
alpha cells of the pancreas
C cells of the pancreas
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Increased synthesis and release of glucose
from the liver are a result of the activation of
which cells/organs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
beta cells of the pancreas
pineal gland
alpha cells of the pancreas
C cells of the pancreas
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a result of pancreatic
beta cell activation?
a) increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver
and skeletal muscle
b) increased amino acid absorption and protein
synthesis
c) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose
tissue
d) decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP
generation
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a result of pancreatic
beta cell activation?
a) increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver
and skeletal muscle
b) increased amino acid absorption and protein
synthesis
c) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose
tissue
d) decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP
generation
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones that produce different but
complementary results in a given tissue or
organs are said to have ________ effects.
a)
b)
c)
d)
permissive
synergistic
antagonistic
integrative
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones that produce different but
complementary results in a given tissue or
organs are said to have ________ effects.
a)
b)
c)
d)
permissive
synergistic
antagonistic
integrative
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of
which phase of the general adaptation
syndrome (GAS)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
exhaustion phase
stress phase
resistance phase
alarm phase
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of
which phase of the general adaptation
syndrome (GAS)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
exhaustion phase
stress phase
resistance phase
alarm phase
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In elderly individuals, which of the following
hormones are secreted in less quantity after a
carbohydrate-rich meal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
glucagon and growth hormone
growth hormone and insulin
glucagon and mineralocorticoids
prolactin and insulin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In elderly individuals, which of the following
hormones are secreted in less quantity after a
carbohydrate-rich meal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
glucagon and growth hormone
growth hormone and insulin
glucagon and mineralocorticoids
prolactin and insulin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones is not secreted
by the kidneys?
a)
b)
c)
d)
aldosterone
calcitriol
renin
erythropoietin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones is not secreted
by the kidneys?
a)
b)
c)
d)
aldosterone
calcitriol
renin
erythropoietin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing
hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what
disorder is most likely to result?
a)
b)
c)
d)
acromegaly
cretinism
Cushing's disease
gigantism
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing
hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what
disorder is most likely to result?
a)
b)
c)
d)
acromegaly
cretinism
Cushing's disease
gigantism
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The blood of a person who has not eaten for 12
hours will likely contain
a) relatively high levels of both insulin and glucagon.
b) relatively low levels of both insulin and glucagon.
c) a relatively low level of insulin but a relatively
high level of glucagon.
d) a relatively high level of insulin but a relatively low
level of glucagon.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The blood of a person who has not eaten for 12
hours will likely contain
a) relatively high levels of both insulin and glucagon.
b) relatively low levels of both insulin and glucagon.
c) a relatively low level of insulin but a relatively
high level of glucagon.
d) a relatively high level of insulin but a relatively low
level of glucagon.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell that are sensitive to the presence of
hormones and respond accordingly are called
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
exocrine cells
first messengers
target cells
second messengers
G-proteins
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones from the ________ control the activity
of the anterior pituitary.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
brain stem
hypothalamus
cerebellum
thyroid
thalamus
10
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The hormone leptin is secreted by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
pancreas
kidneys
adipose tissue
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the
production of hormones in the anterior pituitary
are called
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
permissive hormones.
synergistic hormones.
distribution hormones.
inhibitory hormones.
releasing hormones.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The highest level of endocrine control is provided
by the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
thyroid gland.
pancreas.
suprarenal glands.
hypothalamus.
thymus.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
All hormones are
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
steroids.
cholesterol based.
proteins.
inorganic compounds.
chemical messengers.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormone concentration levels are most
commonly controlled by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
positive feedback.
the quantity of circulating hormone.
negative feedback.
demands.
body temperature.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following primarily targets the
gonads (ovaries and testes)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
growth hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
insulin
thyroxine
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
oxytocin (OT).
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the
release of glucocorticoids secreted from the
adrenal cortex
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TSH.
ACTH.
FSH.
LH.
MSH.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The anterior pituitary hormone that promotes
testosterone release in males and ovulation in
females is
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TSH.
ACTH.
MSH.
LH.
GH.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following hormones is secreted by
the anterior pituitary stimulates melanocyte
activity during fetal development in very young
children and in pregnant women, but is not
usually found in adults?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
MSH
TSH
ACTH
LH
PRL
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Another name for vasopressin
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
cortisol.
parathyroid hormone.
thymosin.
growth hormone.
antidiuretic hormone.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Excessive urine production, which is a
characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is
known as
a)
b)
c)
d)
polyphagia.
polydipsia.
polyuria.
polymyositis.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is released by the posterior
pituitary?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
ACTH
TSH
GH
ADH
MSH
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
is involved in milk production and uterine
contractions during labor and delivery
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
FSH
LH
OXT
ACTH
CRH
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones from which of the following glands are
responsible for the calorigenic effect?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
pituitary gland
hypothalamus gland
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
thymus
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
T4 and T3 is a hormone secreted by the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
pituitary gland
hypothalamus gland
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
thymus
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones produced by the ____ are derived
from molecules to which iodine atoms have been
attached.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
thymus
thyroid gland
pancreas
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Normal production of hormones from which gland
establishes the rate of metabolism by increasing
the rate of ATP production in the mitochondria?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
pineal
kidney
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Corticosteroids are produce by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Pineal gland.
thyroid.
adrenal cortex .
parathyroid.
pituitary.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
epinephrine (adrenaline) are produced by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Pineal gland.
Adrenal medulla.
adrenal cortex .
parathyroid.
pituitary.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
One adrenal hormone that affects electrolyte
balance in body fluids is
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
thymosin.
mineralocorticoids
noradrenaline
epinephrine.
gonadotropin.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following are sex hormones that are
produced by the adrenal cortex?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
androgens
prostaglandins
glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
ADH
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Melatonin is the hormone produced by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anterior pituitary
thyroid
pineal gland
thymus
posterior pituitary
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucagon is produced by
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Complex cells
Elmer cells
10
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When the BGL increase the pancreatic hormone
is released?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
growth hormone
cortisol
insulin
glucagon
erythropoietin
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When blood glucose levels fall,
a)
b)
c)
d)
insulin is released.
glucagon is released.
insulin and glucagon are released.
protein synthesis decreases.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Inhibin is produced by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Testes
Ovaries
Uterus
Kidney
A and B
10
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Testosterone is produced by
a)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Testes
Ovaries
Uterus
Kidney
A and B
10
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Preparation of the uterus for implantation results
from stimulation by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
growth hormone.
thyroid hormone.
testosterone.
mineralocorticoids.
progesterone.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The hormone that is released by the kidneys in
response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues,
stimulating the production of red blood cells, is
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
angiotensin.
cortisol.
erythropoietin.
renin.
epinephrine.
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which hormone's secreted from cells in the right
atrium of the heart promotes the loss of sodium
ions and inhibits renin release, leading to a
decrease in blood pressure and blood volume?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
erythropoietin
aldosterone
thymosin
glucagon
atrial natriuretic peptide
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which hormone(s) play(s) a key role in the
development and maintenance of normal immune
defenses?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
gonadotropins
estrogens
androgens
leptin
thymosins
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
ID B
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Gonads
Pineal gland
Kidneys
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
10
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ID c
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Gonads
Pineal gland
Kidneys
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
10
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ID d
a) Thyroid gland
b) Pancreas or Pancreatic
islets
c) Adrenal glands
d) Thymus
10
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ID e
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thyroid gland
Pancreas or Pancreatic islets
Adrenal glands
Thymus
10
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ID f
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Gonads
Pineal gland
Kidneys
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
10
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ID i
a) Pituitary gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pancreas or Pancreatic
islets
d) Adrenal glands
e) Thymus
10
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ID L
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Gonads
Pineal gland
Kidneys
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
10
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ID M
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Gonads
Pineal gland
Kidneys
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
a)
10
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