Transcript Notes Reproduction File

Reproduction is necessary for the
continuation of every species.
Every organism alive today comes
from a long line of ancestors who
reproduced successfully every
generation
Reproduction is the transfer of genetic
information from one generation to
the next.
Reproduction can occur with mixing of
genes from two individuals (sexual
reproduction).
In sexual reproduction, a single specialized
cell from a female (egg) merges with a
specialized cell from a male (sperm).
Typically, half of the genes come from each
parent. The fertilized cell, carrying genetic
information from each parent, multiplies to
form the complete organism. The same
genetic information is copied in each cell of
the new organism.
In sexual reproduction, new
combinations of traits are
produced which may increase or
decrease an organism’s chances for
survival.
Plants can reproduce sexually.
Sexual reproduction does not always
require two individuals
Sexual Reproduction
Mitosis and meiosis are processes by
which genetic material is copied and
divided in asexual or sexual
reproduction
Meiosis (mīˈōsəs) produces sex cells containing
half the genetic material of the parent cell
In asexual reproduction, all genes
come from a single parent, which
usually means the offspring are
genetically identical to their parent,
allowing genetic continuity.
Reproduction can occur with the
transfer of genes from one individual
to the next generation (asexual
reproduction).
In asexual reproduction, all genes
come from a single parent, which
means the offspring are genetically
identical to their parent, allowing
genetic continuity.
Mitosis (mīˈtōsəs) produces daughter cells that
are genetically identical to the parent cell
Simpler forms of life such as bacteria,
amoebas, and yeast cells reproduce
asexually.
Two methods of asexual reproduction
are fission and budding
In fission, the cell divides into two
equal daughter cells.
In budding, a small growth on the
parent becomes a daughter cell.
An important type of assexual
reproduction for farmers and
flower growers is called vegetative
reproduction. In this method of
reproduction, flowering plants
produce new plants from their
roots, stems, or leaves.
One example is the tuber. The potato is a tuber. It is
really part of an underground stem of the plant. Each
potato has several buds on it called eyes. Each bud
can grow into a new potato plant.
Bulbs, such as onions, are also underground stems.
Small bulblets form at the bottom of the bulb. These
can be broken off and planted. Some flowers such as
tulips and daffodils also reproduce in this way.
Strawberry plants produce runners. Runners are
stems that grow horizontally near the ground which
will take root and produce a new plant.
Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which the
offspring develops from unfertilized eggs. It is particularly
common amongst arthropods and rotifers, can also be found in
some species of fish, amphibians, birds, and reptiles, but not in
mammals.
Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis, is confirmed to be able
to reproduce naturally by parthenogenesis.
A lone female shark has produced a pup without ever having come into contact with a
male shark. The white-tipped reef shark, named Ibolya by staff, has been on her own
at the Nyiregyhaza Center in Hungary since she was born seven years ago.
The ability to reproduce defines living
things.