Transcript File - jj-sct

CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
12
The Cell Cycle
Clicker Questions by
Scott Meissner
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
At what part of the cell cycle would you see a
chromosome that looks like this?
a) G1
b) G2
c) M
d) S
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
At what part of the cell cycle would you see a
chromosome that looks like this?
a) G1
b) G2
c) M
d) S
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Although the chromosome begins M phase looking as
shown below, when is it split?
a) prophase
b) prometaphase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Although the chromosome begins M phase looking as
shown below, when is it split?
a) prophase
b) prometaphase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes the kinetochore?
a) a structure composed of several proteins that
associate with the centromere region of a
chromosome and that can bind to spindle
microtubules
b) the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome
at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteins
c) the array of vesicles that will form between two
dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate
d) the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the
appearance of the cleavage furrow
e) the core of proteins that forms the cell plate in a
dividing plant cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes the kinetochore?
a) a structure composed of several proteins that
associate with the centromere region of a
chromosome and that can bind to spindle
microtubules
b) the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome
at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteins
c) the array of vesicles that will form between two
dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate
d) the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the
appearance of the cleavage furrow
e) the core of proteins that forms the cell plate in a
dividing plant cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A new cell is found and separation of its chromosomes
is examined. How would you interpret this result?
a) Chromosomes are
separated by microfilaments.
b) Chromosomes are
not separated.
c) Microtubules shorten
at the centrosome end.
d) Microtubules shorten
at the chromosome end.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A new cell is found and separation of its chromosomes
is examined. How would you interpret this result?
a) Chromosomes are
separated by microfilaments.
b) Chromosomes are
not separated.
c) Microtubules shorten
at the centrosome end.
d) Microtubules shorten
at the chromosome end.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about typical
eukaryotic chromosomes just before and after M phase
is INCORRECT?
a) These chromosomes are not in a fully condensed state.
b) Both contain double-stranded DNA molecules.
c) Both would have just one kinetochore structure
associated with their centromere.
d) Each has many proteins
associated with the
chromosomal DNA.
e) Typically both are linear
structures with distinct ends.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about typical
eukaryotic chromosomes just before and after M phase
is INCORRECT?
a) These chromosomes are not in a fully condensed state.
b) Both contain double-stranded DNA molecules.
c) Both would have just one kinetochore structure
associated with their centromere.
d) Each has many proteins
associated with the
chromosomal DNA.
e) Typically both are linear
structures with distinct ends.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following does NOT need to happen
during a successful mitotic cell division?
a) Single-chromatid chromosomes must be segregated
in full sets of the genome.
b) Exchange of DNA between homologous
chromosomes must happen before metaphase.
c) The chromatin must condense fully so that the
chromosomes are compact.
d) Microtubules must be assembled as part of the
spindle apparatus.
e) Each of the chromosomes must start mitosis
containing two DNA molecules.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following does NOT need to happen
during a successful mitotic cell division?
a) Single-chromatid chromosomes must be segregated
in full sets of the genome.
b) Exchange of DNA between homologous
chromosomes must happen before metaphase.
c) The chromatin must condense fully so that the
chromosomes are compact.
d) Microtubules must be assembled as part of the
spindle apparatus.
e) Each of the chromosomes must start mitosis
containing two DNA molecules.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a INCORRECT description of how
cytokinesis (see figures on next slide) in animals differs
from that in most plants?
a) Animal cytokinesis separates the two new nuclei but
not the cytoplasm, while plant cytokinesis separates
both.
b) Animal cytokinesis does not involve the fusion of Golgiderived vesicles.
c) Microfilaments play a role in animal cytokinesis but
not in plant cytokinesis.
d) The new separating plasma membrane is pulled inward
in animals but grows outward in plants.
e) Animal cytokinesis produces no new cell wall regions,
while plant cytokinesis does.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a INCORRECT description of how
cytokinesis in animals differs from that in most plants?
a) Animal cytokinesis separates the two new nuclei but
not the cytoplasm, while plant cytokinesis separates
both.
b) Animal cytokinesis does not involve the fusion of Golgiderived vesicles.
c) Microfilaments play a role in animal cytokinesis but
not in plant cytokinesis.
d) The new separating plasma membrane is pulled inward
in animals but grows outward in plants.
e) Animal cytokinesis produces no new cell wall regions,
while plant cytokinesis does.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each
chromosome has _____ DNA molecules, while from
anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each
chromosome has _____ DNA molecule(s).
a) two; one
b) 2n; 1n
c) homologous; nonhomologous
d) condensed; decondensed
e) nonsister chromatid; sister chromatid
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each
chromosome has _____ DNA molecules, while from
anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each
chromosome has _____ DNA molecule(s).
a) two; one
b) 2n; 1n
c) homologous; nonhomologous
d) condensed; decondensed
e) nonsister chromatid; sister chromatid
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the events of a typical cell division listed below, which is
most likely to occur THIRD in an animal cell that is going
through mitosis?
a) Kinetochore proteins associated with the centromeres
bind with associated microtubules.
b) Segregation of complete genomic sets of chromosomes
occurs.
c) The nuclear envelope membranes are converted from
flat bilayers into many spherical vesicles.
d) The number of chromosomes in the cell doubles as
double-chromatid chromosomes are split into pairs
of single-chromatid chromosomes.
e) Vesicles fuse to one another to form new nuclear
envelope membranes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the events of a typical cell division listed below, which is
most likely to occur THIRD in an animal cell that is going
through mitosis?
a) Kinetochore proteins associated with the centromeres
bind with associated microtubules.
b) Segregation of complete genomic sets of chromosomes
occurs.
c) The nuclear envelope membranes are converted from
flat bilayers into many spherical vesicles.
d) The number of chromosomes in the cell doubles as
double-chromatid chromosomes are split into pairs
of single-chromatid chromosomes.
e) Vesicles fuse to one another to form new nuclear
envelope membranes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which event will likely occur next in a eukaryotic cell
that is ending prophase (see figure) and will next enter
prometaphase?
a) The chromosome material will condense.
b) Chromosomes will be moved toward alignment at
the metaphase plate.
c) Kinetochores will link some microtubules to the
centromeres.
d) The nuclear membranes
will fragment into vesicles.
e) Microtubules will elongate
into the nuclear space.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which event will likely occur next in a eukaryotic cell
that is ending prophase (see figure) and will next enter
prometaphase?
a) The chromosome material will condense.
b) Chromosomes will be moved toward alignment at
the metaphase plate.
c) Kinetochores will link some microtubules to the
centromeres.
d) The nuclear membranes
will fragment into vesicles.
e) Microtubules will elongate
into the nuclear space.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a typical trait of
cancerous cells that makes them different from normal
somatic cells?
a) Cancer cells often deactivate their apoptosis
systems.
b) Cancerous cells are not as sensitive to contact
inhibition.
c) The cell cycle often proceeds faster in cancer cells.
d) Cancer cells are more mobile and less dependent
on anchorage.
e) Cancer cells have more effective DNA repair
activities.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a typical trait of
cancerous cells that makes them different from normal
somatic cells?
a) Cancer cells often deactivate their apoptosis
systems.
b) Cancerous cells are not as sensitive to contact
inhibition.
c) The cell cycle often proceeds faster in cancer cells.
d) Cancer cells are more mobile and less dependent
on anchorage.
e) Cancer cells have more effective DNA repair
activities.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements INCORRECTLY describes an
aspect of an indicated point in the cell cycle?
a) During S phase, the DNA of each chromosome is
replicated.
b) Each chromosome during telophase has a single doublestranded DNA molecule.
c)
At the beginning of anaphase, the kinetochore on the
chromosome loses its attachment to microtubules of the
spindle.
d) During G1, the DNA in the nuclear chromosomes is not all
highly condensed.
e) During metaphase, each chromosome consists of two
double-stranded DNA helices linked together at a
centromere.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements INCORRECTLY describes an
aspect of an indicated point in the cell cycle?
a) During S phase, the DNA of each chromosome is
replicated.
b) Each chromosome during telophase has a single doublestranded DNA molecule.
c) At the beginning of anaphase, the kinetochore on the
chromosome loses its attachment to microtubules of the
spindle.
d) During G1, the DNA in the nuclear chromosomes is not all
highly condensed.
e) During metaphase, each chromosome consists of two
double-stranded DNA helices linked together at a
centromere.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements best explains this observation?
A cell in prophase of mitosis is successfully fused to a cell in G2
of interphase, and then after fusion both nuclei are seen to have
fully condensed chromosomes and to proceed on through
mitosis.
a) Fusion of these cells is stressful, and stress induces cells
to enter mitosis.
b) A cytosolic mitotic promoting factor from the cell in
prophase induced the nucleus from the cell in interphase
to enter M phase.
c)
The production of items by the cell in G2 helps to induce
the next stage of the cell cycle in both nuclei.
d) The swapping of genes between the nuclei causes the
induction of mitosis.
e) The condensation of the chromosomes occurs whenever
cells are fused.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements best explains this observation?
A cell in prophase of mitosis is successfully fused to a cell in G2
of interphase, and then after fusion both nuclei are seen to have
fully condensed chromosomes and to proceed on through
mitosis.
a) Fusion of these cells is stressful, and stress induces cells
to enter mitosis.
b) A cytosolic mitotic promoting factor from the cell in
prophase induced the nucleus from the cell in interphase
to enter M phase.
c)
The production of items by the cell in G2 helps to induce
the next stage of the cell cycle in both nuclei.
d) The swapping of genes between the nuclei causes the
induction of mitosis.
e) The condensation of the chromosomes occurs whenever
cells are fused.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.