Transcript pest plant science

RESTRAIN PLANTS INTRUDER ORGANISM
Bahasa
Indonesia
PEST
PLANT
SCIENCE
HAMA TANAMAN
( PEST
SCIENCE
)
PEST SCIENCE
A. PEST EXPLANATON
is all organisms or animal because the alive activity
botches plants causing economy loss for human
B. PEST ATTACK CONSEQUENCE LOSS
1. loss according to quantity (decrease it result /
production)
2. loss according to quality (decreased it result
quality)
•
a. colour change
•
b. taste change
•
c. pockmarked or black spot
•
d. broken or abnormal
VANDAL PEST KINDS THAT ASSAULT
PLANTS PART :
1. leaf eater pest or plants liquid sucker
2. stick vandal pest and twig
3. flower vandal pest and fruit
4. cereals eater pest insides warehouse
5. pest perusaka root or tuber
6. pest penular (vector) plants disease
PEST KINDS BASED ON DANGER TURN ON :
1. principal pest
called “hama abadi” or “hama kunci”
that is pest always assault in every
season plants with heavy attack
intensity so that needs control
2. minor pest
called “hama kadang-kadang” or
‘hama musiman” that is pest that
long present menyuatu region little
the damage (be threshold ecomonic)
3. POTENTIAL PEST
that is pest the population can to
appear according to suddenly many
so that disturb ecosystem balance
4. MIGRAN PEST
that is pest doesn't come from agro
local ecosystem, but come from
outside because in character
discursive
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
PLANTS DEVELOPMENT
A. INNER FACTOR
1. ability multiplies
2. character defends self
3. age imago (adult insect)
B. OUTER FACTOR
1. climate:
a. temperature
b. humidity
c. rain fall
•
2.
3.
4.
5.
c. rain fall
d. light
e. wind
soil
plants inang
biological factor
colour and smell
PLANTS PEST CONTROL
A. PHYSICALLY CONTROL
•
1. hot treatment
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2. trap lamp use (light trap)
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3. hindrance use (barrier)
B. MECHANICALLY CONTROL
•
1. taking by hand
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2. gropyokan (killing together)
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3. trap installing
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4. pest eviction
C. CONTROL ACCORDING TO
TECHNICAL CULTURE
•
1. sanitation
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2. soil processing
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3. water management
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4. plants rotation
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5. plant simultaneously
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6. spacing plants
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7. join with others essence
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8. trap plants planting
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9. plant superior variety
D. BIOLOGICALLY CONTROL
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1. pest parasite
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2. pest predators
E. CONTROL WITH LAW OR GOVERNMENT
REGULATION
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1. Eradication program (annihilation)
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2. seed certification
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3. quarantine
•
F. CONTROL ACCORDING TO CHEMISTRY
•
1. correct dose, on time, correct cost
correct manner, zero in on
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2. welfare environment well-being
G. INWROUGHT PEST CONTROL ( PHT )
•
1. repair plants cultivation
technique
•
2. preserve and using efficiently
natural enemy
•
3. weekly observation
•
4. can fuse manners on (a – b)
prudently and look at environment
•
5. can count economy threshold
•
6. group agreement be expert PHT
EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL (PHT)
1. brown rice pest t control in rice plants
blend from components as follows:
•
a. good plants cultivation technique
•
b. variety election resisten
•
c. plant simultaneously
•
d. plants rotation (plants rotation)
•
e. population density observation
•
f. spraying with selective insecticide
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g. eradikasi plants that attacked
•
heavy
2. cabbage leaf caterpillar control
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blend from components as follows:
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a. good plants cultivation technique
•
b. time determination plants correct
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c. join with others essence with
tomato, corn, onion
•
d. plants rotation with one families
•
e. predators utilization (sparrow,
prenjak, dragonfly, etc) and
parasite
•
f. microbe insecticide use like: Dipel
•
WP.
PLANT DISEASE (Phytophatologi)
PLANT DISEASE (Phytopathologi)
phyton = plants, pathos = suffer, logos = science
phytopathologi = science that study plants disease
plants disease:
physiological disease
non physiological disease
physiological disease caused by nature factor
(anorganis)
example: * element deficit hara, water, sunlight
* chemical element poisoned insides soil
* broken treaded on, wound is eaten livestock
* soil acidity
physiological disease called also disease non pathogenis
non physiological disease
caused by pathogen
pathogen = disease cause that come from alive being
(organic)
non physiological disease called also disease pathogenis
pathogen
virulen (dangerous)
non virulen
plants disease from the aspect of biology:
mean anomaly from normal character so that plants can
not do the physiological activity
plants disease from the aspect of economy:
mean disability plants to give result that enough
from the quantity
NEW DISEASE APPEARANCE, CAUSED :
1. distribution that broader from long diseases
2. more plants quantity that sensitive inside
population
3. increase it erudition and our attention
4. because agriculture intensification
5. disease genuinely new
endemic disease: disease that present unity
place from year to year, merata, and less so
heavy
disease epidemis: disease often emerge
according to spread but periodically (periodic)
sporadic disease: that disease there here, at the
(time) of uncertain, and evoke a little loss
plants disease phenomenons
phenomenon (symptom): changes that by
those plants, in consequence of disease
cause existence
syndrom
series phenomenon(many)
phenomenon divisible be 3 main types:
1. phenomenons nekrotis
caused caused by cell damage, or die
it cell
2. phenomenon hypoplastis
caused because retarded or hentinya
cell growth
3. phenomenons hyperplastis
caused because remarkable cell growth
(over development)
PHENOMENON NEKROTIS, common :
1. nekrose or die it plants part
2. hydrosis or out it cell water
3. cholorosis or become yellow
4. withered (wilt menyease)
5. on fire (scorch)
6. die end
7. rotten (scab)
8. close off (fall down sprout)
9. cancer (cancer)
10. bleeding / exudasi (blooding)
PHENOMENON HYPOPLASTIS, common :
1. dwarf (strony)
2. symmetrical change (symetrical
abnormal)
3. chlorosis (become yellow)
4. etiolasi (pale)
5. roset (ruas short stick, groupy leaf )
PHENOMENON HYPERPLASTIS, common :
1. broom (witches broom)
2. proplensis
3. cecidia (tumor, gall, gland)
4. instumeasensia (busung, cedema)
5. erinose (growth trichoma yg incredible
6. roll or curl (curling)
7. fesciaci (flat, gepeng)
8. tool formation yg incredible (antholysis)
9. scabies (scabies)
10. the fall of tools
11. colour change
DISEASES CAUSE
nature factor (anorganic)
pathogen (organic)
kinds pathogen: bacteria, mushroom, virus, algae
and flower plants parasiter
INFECTION : enter it pahtogen into plants body
infection process can pass:
1. bodily injury
2. natural holes (stomata hydratoda)
3. direct menembus plants surface
DISEASES DISTRIBUTION
Plants disease scattereds to pass:
1. wind
2. water
3. insect
4. human
The happening of epidemic is caused by:
1. weather conditon
2. planting that deviate (unnatural)
3. enter it parasite dr region other (pathogen
invasion)
4. pemulyaan plants / selection (plant breeding)
FACTOR THAT CAN DEMOTE EPIDEMIC :
1. decrease it sensitive plants population
2. the happening of population resistant
3. eradication effort existence (artifical control)
4. eradication by nature (natural control)
So that got correct forecasting, need terms:
1. plants must be important plants
2. disease can evoke big loss
3. necessary enough explanation
4. planters enough ready and understand
5. available correct eradication manner
6. found time enough long between broadcast
prophecy result within incidence disease
4 PRINCIPLES IN DISEASE CONTROL
1. Eksklusi
watch over or prevent don't until a disease steps into our region
2. Proteksi
protect plants from attack pathogen
3. Eradikasi
remove disease on cultivated area
4. Imunisasi
give plants invulnerability towards disease cause attack
(pathogen)
eksklusi can be done in the way of:
1. prohibit to enter it plants ingredient
may be contain disease
2. plants ingredients investigation and
sertification plants ingredient
3. quarantine
Protection can be done in the way of:
1. technical culture
2. mechanical
3. physical
4. chemistry
Eradikasi can be done in the way of:
1. eradikasi a part
2. eradikasi total
3. eradikasi super total
Immunization can be done in the way
of:
1. morphology endurance
2. endurance fungsionil
3. endurance protoplasmik
GULMA (Weed Science)
• Weeds is defined as a group plant kind the alive or
grow it not wish for by human because assumed to
disturb and can harm plants result cultivation has
quantitative (loss in the form of total or can be
realized with number) and has qualitative (loss in the
form of agricultural produce quality can not be
realized with number).
Influence That Harm With Weeds Existence :
1. Has tall rivalry/competition influence with cultivation
plants
2. As house inang temporary from pest and patogen
cultivation plants disease cause
3. Decrease cultivation plants harvest result quality
4. Retard agriculture activity smoothness
5. Pest vandal root or tuber
6. Pest vector plants disease
Has Also influence by
Beneficial In Agriculture Tune, That Is
:
• 1. influence that beneficial towards soil
•
• the influence towards intruder body population
cultivation plants
•
• 3. influence that beneficial for agriculture ecosystem
•
• 4. influence that beneficial for agriculture in general
Rivalry that between weeds with cultivation plants:
• sunshine rivalry
• element rivalry hara
• water rivalry
Dominant weeds subdividing found at agriculture tune
• 1. grass group weeds (grasses: kin graminae)
• 2. group weeds teki (sedges: kin cyperaceae)
• 3. wide leafy group weeds (broad leaves)
• Has ability to multiply either through generative
productively also according to vegetatif with form
propagation organ vegetatif like leaf tuber, root
tuber, stolon, rhizoma, stick tuber, and rootstock.
Weeds alive cycle distinguishable be weeds semusim
or one year (annual), annual weeds (perenial), and
weeds two annual (biennial).
Influential factors in determines weeds control method
• Alive cycle and weeds propagation
• Weeds morphology
• Weeds location
•
• Weeds control technique mechanical/physically:
• Weeds control by pulled
• Weeds control by mengored
• Weeds control by cut with sickle and or mechanically
lawn-mower
• Weeds control by hoed or pirated
Restrain Weeds According To Chemistry
chemicals called with herbicide that come from herb
word = weeds and sida = kill.
• Herbicide pra-pengolahan soil
• Herbicide pra-plant
• Herbicide pra-grow
• Herbicide pasca grow
Based on the work manner, herbicide is discriminated
to be:
• Contact herbicide
• Systematical herbicide
• Based on selektifitas, herbicide is discriminated to
be:
• Selective herbicide
• Herbicide non-selektif
• Based on the chemical character, herbicide is
discriminated to be:
• Inorganic herbicide
• Organic herbicide
Herbicide spraying must pay attention several things:
1. Spraying time must correct that is best in morning
(clock 08.00-10.00)
2. Weather at the (time) of spraying enough clear and
Relative not windy
3. Herbicide atomizer must wear special protective
clothing
4. Should tools that used to spray herbicide is washed
cleanly
5. Clean face and hand with water and cleanser
STEPS IN DO HERBICIDE SPRAYING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prepare sprayer and nozel
Do to calibrate towards sprayer
Determine solution formulation need herbicide
Mix herbicide with pelarut as according to
calculation
5. Insert herbicide solution mixture into stalk until full
6. Boost up sprayer to back and begin to spray weeds
7. Do spraying with walk bormally
8. Do pumping in sprayer regularly
9. Do spraying until merata
10. Strive syringe mist/blowing doesn't hit leaf
11. Do spraying repeats when go down rain less than 4 clocks
after finished spray.