Transcript Off-Board Refueling System with Distributed Generation and its

Off-Board Refueling System
ALADAR STOLMAR
GENERAL HYDROGEN OF TENNESSEE
2007 HYDROGEN CONFERENCE
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
MARCH 19-23,2007
With Distributed Generation
AND ITS IMPACT ON
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Hydrogen economy
The only way it really will come
DEFINITION
HYDROGEN ECONOMY IS THE
NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION AND
ELECTRIC CAR – WITH HYDROGEN
AS THE STORAGE MEDIUM OF
ELECTRICITY ON BOARD,
REPLENISHED OFF-BOARD FOR AN
INHERENTLY SAFE OPERATION
The Road to Hydrogen Economy
1. Standard electric car/truck/bus chasses with standard power plant
package mounting (multiple packages for larger horsepower)
2. Nuclear power plant building program with hundreds of units per year
put in operation starting 2020 (considering a global Hydrogen
economy)
3. Development of ultimately safe in any accident Hydrogen fueled power
plant standard packages and their handling and the off board refueling
facilities with a system of refueling (drop-off – pick-up) stations
4. Electric car inventory build-up with three times as many power plant
package inventory (could utilize electric battery before “the best” fuel
cell is found to facilitate the jump start of Hydrogen economy)
5. Electrical grid development for the off board refueling – using
distributed generation with renewable energy sources as practical
6. Fuel station and off board refueling facility network build-up and power
plant package transport fleet build-up (the refueling-recharging facility
could combine Hydrogen refueling and simple electrical recharging)
7. The time-line could start now – if the will is here
And the off-board
refueling is the
answer
This is what we don’t want to see
with Hydrogen fuel
Business as Usual?
• Acceptable Risk during refueling?
• Fuel stations fires: Flames shot up around a
21-year-old college student whose cell phone
rang while he was pumping gas.
• The classic drive-away while the hose still in
the tank
• Hydrogen spills and leaks?
• Soccer-mom with half of the team in an SUV
Conventional Refueling
• Open the fuel tank on the vehicle
• Connect a fill hose
• Open the flow of fuel from a reservoir
into the fuel tank
• Shut-off the flow of fuel
• Disconnect the hose
• Close the fuel tank
Hydrogen Refueling
• High pressure gas or
•
•
•
•
cryogenic liquid
Really that easy?
What happens if we spill
the Hydrogen?
Do we really want to fuel
like that?
How severe accident can
we tolerate?
High pressure gaseous
Hydrogen
Hydrogen tube trailer and ASME
pressure vessels at SunLine Transit
Fueling station in Thousand Palms,
California.
Receives and stores
liquid hydrogen and
dispenses
compressed and
liquid hydrogen
The CaFCP hydrogen fueling station
Attendants – or the
drivers will operate that?
The Linde liquid hydrogen refueling
coupling
Off-board Refueling Station
• The fuel tank will not be opened
• No hose will be connected to the vehicle
• There will be no fuel flow from a reservoir
into the car
• Instead: the entire power plant package will
be removed from the car and replaced with a
new, recharged one
• The entire operation completes in a few
seconds and performed by machines
Off-board Refueling Facility
• A separate recharging/refurbishing
facility is provided, manned by
HAZMAT specialists
• Here the waste product is removed
from the depleted power plant
package
• The fuel cell and the solid hydrogen
storage are tested and refurbished
• The Hydrogen storage is recharged
Refueling with Distributed Generation
• The refueling/refurbishing facilities are
supplied with Hydrogen either from a byproduct source or by means of distributed
generation using electricity
• Renewable energy such as solar or wind can
be used as primary source
• The existing power plants currently only
partially utilized night time production
provides a cheep secondary source
Yes, it is that simple
Solar panel provides the
electricity to an electrolysis
cell and the collected
Hydrogen and Oxygen
recombines in a fuel cell to
generate electricity, which
drives the fan
Vladimir Prerad’s Distributed
Generation model
Who does What?
 Auto makers – standard for hand-shake and

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

power-plant package mounting, electric car
chassis
Fuel cell manufacturers – safe power-plant
package casing and sufficient distance between
refueling (300 miles)
Fuel distributors – drop-off/pick-up refueling
stations and about three times the number of
vehicles power-plant package inventory
Industrial gas companies – recharging facility
design and delivery truck fleet for collection and
distribution of power-plant packages
Government – coordination and funding support
Strategy with Off-board refueling
 Standard is the first priority – diversity of
designs not tolerated, uniform electrical and
fuel cell vehicles expected with “the best” fuel
storage/fuel cell design
 Ultimate safety is targeted – the design must
undergo extensive destructive testing for all
possible severe accident conditions
 Exchange instead of fuel
dispensing and new specialized
recharging facilities