Transcript File - jj-sct

CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
36
Resource Acquisition and
Transport in Vascular Plants
Clicker Questions by
Scott T. Meissner
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In plants’ transition to land, which adaptation was
LEAST critical for enhancing their survival on land?
a) photosynthesis
b) the cuticle
c) stomata
d) sieve-tube elements
e) vessel members
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In plants’ transition to land, which adaptation was
LEAST critical for enhancing their survival on land?
a) photosynthesis
b) the cuticle
c) stomata
d) sieve-tube elements
e) vessel members
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the movement of water and
inorganic nutrients in plants is TRUE?
a) Water and nutrients move from the roots to the
leaves via the stem or trunk.
b) Water and nutrients move from the leaves to the
roots via the stem or trunk.
c) Water and nutrients can move either from leaves
to roots or from roots to leaves via the stem or trunk.
d) Water and nutrients are taken up by the roots and
move symplastically by active transport to leaves.
e) Water and nutrients are pumped from the roots to
the leaves via a proton pump.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the movement of water and
inorganic nutrients in plants is TRUE?
a) Water and nutrients move from the roots to the
leaves via the stem or trunk.
b) Water and nutrients move from the leaves to the
roots via the stem or trunk.
c) Water and nutrients can move either from leaves
to roots or from roots to leaves via the stem or trunk.
d) Water and nutrients are taken up by the roots and
move symplastically by active transport to leaves.
e) Water and nutrients are pumped from the roots to
the leaves via a proton pump.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
About ____% of a plant’s water escapes through the
stomata, although the stomata account for just ____%
of the external leaf surface.
a) 75; 10
b) 75; 1–2
c) 95; 10
d) 95; 1–2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
About ____% of a plant’s water escapes through the
stomata, although the stomata account for just ____%
of the external leaf surface.
a) 75; 10
b) 75; 1–2
c) 95; 10
d) 95; 1–2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis of transpirational pull in the xylem is
a) positive root pressure from differences in solute
potential between soil and root.
b) hydrostatic pressure generated by the shrinking in
diameter of the trunk or stem.
c) negative pressure at the air-water interface in the
leaf.
d) pressure created by proton pumping of stomatal
guard cells.
e) adhesion tension of water molecules to xylem cell
walls.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis of transpirational pull in the xylem is
a) positive root pressure from differences in solute
potential between soil and root.
b) hydrostatic pressure generated by the shrinking in
diameter of the trunk or stem.
c) negative pressure at the air-water interface in the
leaf.
d) pressure created by proton pumping of stomatal
guard cells.
e) adhesion tension of water molecules to xylem cell
walls.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which inequality reflects the correct relationship of
water potentials during a sunny day for a typical tree?
a) leaf   trunk   soil 
b) outside air   leaf mesophyll   root 
c) leaf   trunk   soil 
d) soil   root   leaf 
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which inequality reflects the correct relationship of
water potentials during a sunny day for a typical tree?
a) leaf   trunk   soil 
b) outside air   leaf mesophyll   root 
c) leaf   trunk   soil 
d) soil   root   leaf 
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water can follow two pathways in plants, apoplastic
and symplastic routes. How do these pathways differ?
a) The apoplastic route is for water and the symplastic
route is for nutrients.
b) The apoplastic route is entirely external to cell
membranes, while the symplastic route is inside of
cells.
c) The apoplastic route is for nutrients and the
symplastic route is for water.
d) The apoplastic route is used in phloem and the
symplastic route in xylem.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water can can follow two pathways in plants,
apoplastic and symplastic routes. How do these
pathways differ?
a) The apoplastic route is for water and the symplastic
route is for nutrients
b) The apoplastic route is entirely external to cell
membranes, while the symplastic route is inside
of cells.
c) The apoplastic route is for nutrients and the
symplastic route is for water.
d) The apoplastic route is used in phloem and the
symplastic route in xylem.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which choice CORRECTLY identifies a benefit a plant
may gain from how it positions and aligns its leaves
relative to each other along its stems?
a) A layer of still air can be created under the leaves,
raising the O2 concentration found there.
b) More water can be lost from the surface of the
leaves during the day.
c) Proper positioning can allow more light down to the
lower leaves on the plant.
d) Certain arrangements can allow the plant to
maximize its leaf area index (LAI).
e) On hot sunny days, horizontally aligned leaf blades
tend to be kept cooler.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which choice CORRECTLY identifies a benefit a plant
may gain from how it positions and aligns its leaves
relative to each other along its stems?
a) A layer of still air can be created under the leaves,
raising the O2 concentration found there.
b) More water can be lost from the surface of the
leaves during the day.
c) Proper positioning can allow more light down to
the lower leaves on the plant.
d) Certain arrangements can allow the plant to
maximize its leaf area index (LAI).
e) On hot sunny days, horizontally aligned leaf blades
tend to be kept cooler.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following correctly lists the pathways of water flow
through typical parenchyma tissue in order from the path of
greatest resistance to water flow to the one that is least
resistant?
a) transmembrane, symplastic,
apoplastic
b) apoplastic, transmembrane,
symplastic
c)
symplastic, transmembrane,
apoplastic
d) symplastic, apoplastic,
transmembrane
e) transmembrane, apoplastic,
symplastic
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following correctly lists the pathways of water flow
through typical parenchyma tissue in order from the path of
greatest resistance to water flow to the one that is least
resistant?
a) transmembrane, symplastic,
apoplastic
b) apoplastic, transmembrane,
symplastic
c)
symplastic, transmembrane,
apoplastic
d) symplastic, apoplastic,
transmembrane
e) transmembrane, apoplastic,
symplastic
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In most vascular plants the xylem and phloem tissues are very
close to each other (see figure) and have the same water
potential. Which choice gives the correct comparison of their
typical solute (s) and pressure (p) potentials in a plant on a
sunny day?
a) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p  phloem p
b) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p  phloem p
c)
xylem s = phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
d) xylem s < phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
e) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In most vascular plants the xylem and phloem tissues are very
close to each other (see figure) and have the same water
potential. Which choice gives the correct comparison of their
typical solute (s) and pressure (p) potentials in a plant on a
sunny day?
a) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p  phloem p
b) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p  phloem p
c)
xylem s = phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
d) xylem s < phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
e) xylem s  phloem s;
xylem p < phloem p
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which choice gives a CORRECT distinction between
the root pressure (RP) mechanism and the cohesiontension (CT) mechanism of flow in xylem?
a) The RP system uses the symplastic route of water flow,
while the CT mechanism uses the apoplastic route.
b) In the RP system the Casparian strip helps to keep
unwanted items out of the stele, while in the CT
mechanism it helps keep desired items in the stele.
c) The TC system is much more dependent on solute
potential of the xylem sap than is the RP mechanism.
d) To generate root pressure the root must power its
production, while the tension costs the plant much
less to be formed.
e) The RP system results in faster rates of flow at night than
does the CT system during a sunny day.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which choice gives a CORRECT distinction between
the root pressure (RP) mechanism and the cohesiontension (CT) mechanism of flow in xylem?
a) The RP system uses the symplastic route of water flow,
while the CT mechanism uses the apoplastic route.
b) In the RP system the Casparian strip helps to keep
unwanted items out of the stele, while in the CT
mechanism it helps keep desired items in the stele.
c) The TC system is much more dependent on solute
potential of the xylem sap than is the RP mechanism.
d) To generate root pressure the root must power its
production, while the tension costs the plant much
less to be formed.
e) The RP system results in faster rates of flow at night than
does the CT system during a sunny day.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a water molecule starting in the soil. If you
order the following structures it is likely to encounter
from first encountered to last, which would be third in
order?
a) Casparian strip
b) a root hair
c) cell wall of a mesophyll cell
d) vessel member in
xylem tissue
e) air inside of a leaf
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a water molecule starting in the soil. If you
order the following structures it is likely to encounter
from first encountered to last, which would be third in
order?
a) Casparian strip
b) a root hair
c) cell wall of a mesophyll cell
d) vessel member in
xylem tissue
e) air inside of a leaf
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Other than the use of sunlight in photosynthesis, which
choice is NOT another way many plants use sunlight?
a) in sensing how to best align their leaves throughout
the day
b) to drive transpiration-powered flow in its xylem
tissue
c) in helping to determine whether to open or close
their stomata
d) to set their "internal clock," which influences many
metabolic processes
e) to cool their leaves by using light to promote
evaporative cooling
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Other than the use of sunlight in photosynthesis, which
choice is NOT another way many plants use sunlight?
a) in sensing how to best align their leaves throughout
the day
b) to drive transpiration-powered flow in its xylem
tissue
c) in helping to determine whether to open or close
their stomata
d) to set their "internal clock," which influences many
metabolic processes
e) to cool their leaves by using light to promote
evaporative cooling
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a function resulting from the
action of guard cells?
a) Lower the loss of water upon detecting certain signals
from water-stressed roots.
b) Keep the leaves at a more positive water potential
relative to the roots.
c) Allow an optimal rate of
photosynthesis to occur by
letting CO2 to enter the leaf.
d) Permit cooling of the leaf by the
evaporative loss of water.
e) Allow water to exit the leaf and
so generate tension in the
xylem tissue.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a function resulting from the
action of guard cells?
a) Lower the loss of water upon detecting certain signals
from water-stressed roots.
b) Keep the leaves at a more positive water potential
relative to the roots.
c) Allow an optimal rate of
photosynthesis to occur by
letting CO2 to enter the leaf.
d) Permit cooling of the leaf by the
evaporative loss of water.
e) Allow water to exit the leaf and
so generate tension in the
xylem tissue.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you order the following events from first to last, which
would normally occur third?
a) Bulk flow occurs in the sieve
tube down its pressure
gradient.
b) Osmosis occurs.
c) Pressure builds up in the
sieve tube at its source end.
d) Sugar and other solutes are
loaded into the sieve tube.
e) Items are unloaded into sink
tissues.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you order the following events from first to last, which
would normally occur third?
a) Bulk flow occurs in the sieve
tube down its pressure
gradient.
b) Osmosis occurs.
c) Pressure builds up in the
sieve tube at its source end.
d) Sugar and other solutes are
loaded into the sieve tube.
e) Items are unloaded into sink
tissues.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why might it be more efficient for a plant that uses just the apoplastic
phloem loading mechanism to close any plasmodesmata between the
phloem parenchyma cells and the companion cells?
a)
The operation of plasmodesmata is expensive, so closing them
benefits the plant.
b)
Closing these plasmodesmata keeps the sucrose put into the
companion cell from diffusing back out to the parenchyma cell.
c)
This allows the companion cell more surface area for the
uptake of sucrose from the apoplast.
d)
With these plasmodesmata
closed, the concentration of
sucrose in mesophyll cell can
become higher.
e)
Movement of the sucrose through
the apoplast is faster and cheaper
than through the symplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why might it be more efficient for a plant that uses just the apoplastic
phloem loading mechanism to close any plasmodesmata between the
phloem parenchyma cells and the companion cells?
a)
The operation of plasmodesmata is expensive, so closing them
benefits the plant.
b)
Closing these plasmodesmata keeps the sucrose put into the
companion cell from diffusing back out to the parenchyma cell.
c)
This allows the companion cell more surface area for the
uptake of sucrose from the apoplast.
d)
With these plasmodesmata
closed, the concentration of
sucrose in mesophyll cell can
become higher.
e)
Movement of the sucrose through
the apoplast is faster and cheaper
than through the symplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a typical adaptive function of phloem in
vascular plants?
a) Pass organic matter from sink to physiological
source for storage.
b) Transmit electrical signals between organs of the
plant.
c) Carry hormones from one organ to another.
d) Carry various types of RNAs for use in other parts of
the plant.
e) Pass information about an ongoing infection to the
rest of the plant.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a typical adaptive function of phloem in
vascular plants?
a) Pass organic matter from sink to physiological
source for storage.
b) Transmit electrical signals between organs of the
plant.
c) Carry hormones from one organ to another.
d) Carry various types of RNAs for use in other parts of
the plant.
e) Pass information about an ongoing infection to the
rest of the plant.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.