Transcript Protists and Fungi

Protists and Fungi
Protist
• Oldest Eukaryotic Cells - 2 Billion Years
ago
• Live in a variety of environments: water,
soil, trees
– Shared characteristics of protists
• All eukaryotes
• All do not fit into any of the other kingdoms
What is a Protist?
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Most diverse kingdom of
organisms
May be unicellular or
multicellular
Microscopic or large (algae)
Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
Asexual or Sexual reproduction
Movement by: Flagella, cilia or
pseudopodia
Protist are Classified by:
• Animal-Like: move & consume
other organisms
• Plant-Like: photosynthetic, algae
• Fungus-Like: reproduction is
similar to fungus
What is a Protozoan?
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Protozoa- Animal like protists
• Unicellular heterotrophs
• Feed on other organisms or dead organic
matter
• Usually reproduce asexually, some sexually
What is a Protozoan?
– Amoebas
» Pseudopodia – movement & feeding
» Radiolarians- Important part of
marine food chain
» Flagellates
» Can harm (African sleeping sickness)
» Can help (termites)
What is a Protozoan?
– Ciliates
Genetically Identical
to parent
Genetically different
» Reproduce asexually
(binary fission)&
sexual (conjugation)
» Ex: paramecium
What is Algae?
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Algae- Plant like protists
Can be Uni- or Multicellular
• Photosynthesize
• Pigments make these protists a variety of
colors and color can be used to classify
them.
What is Algae?
• Algae produce much of the Earth’s
oxygen and are the basis of
aquatic food chains (like plants are
for food chains on land).
• No true roots, stems or leaves
What is Algae?
Ex:
• Photosynthetic unicellular algae are called
Phytoplankton
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates- Can be very harmful
» Population increases cause Red Tidestoxins can kill fish & humans who eat
affected fish.
Dinoflagellates
Link
What is Algae?
Ex:
» Green algae
» Volvox live in colonies
» Spirogyra reproduce asexually by
fragmentation
» Red algae- seaweeds, can live in
deep water
» Brown algae- Kelp
What are “Fungus Like” Protists?
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Unlike Fungi, Fungus like protists are able
to move and do not have chitin in their cell
walls.
• Classified by the way they reproduce
– Slime molds – sexual
Reproduction (spores)
– Water Molds and Downy Mildews –
asexual & sexual reproduction
Fungus Kingdom
What is a Fungus?
– Have chitin in their cell walls
– Most multicellular, some unicellular
– Heterotrophs – do not make their
Own food, they absorb nutrients.
– Structure
• Hyphae- basic structural unit, threadlike
filaments that develop from fungal spores
• Mycelium- a network of branched hyphae
• Ex: Yeast, molds
What is a Fungus?
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Negative affects•
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can spoil food,cause diseases, or be poisonous (some
mushrooms) , allergies to mold & spores
Positive affects
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Decompose large quantities of organic waste
What is a Fungus?
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Reproduction – Sexual & Asexual
• Fragmentation- Asexual reproduction where
pieces of hyphae are broken off and new
mycelia grow
• Budding- Asexual reproduction where a new
individuals pinch off
• Reproducing by spores- Sexual & Asexual. A
spore is a reproductive cell that can develop
into a new organism.
Plant Like Protists
vs. Plants
• Plant-like protists are like plants in many
fundamental ways.
• They are autotrophs that obtain food from
sunlight.
• Most Plant like protists can move from place to
place to hunt their food.
• The main difference between Plants and Plantlike protists is that Plant-like protists are always
Unicellular.
Fungus-like Protist vs.
Fungus
• Fungi-like protists are like Fungi in many
fundamental ways.
• They are Heterotrophs that obtain food from .
• Most Fungi-like protists can move from place to
place to hunt their food.
• The main difference between Fungi and Fungilike protists is that Fungi-like protists are all
motile (move) at some point in their life cycles..
Amoeba
Animal – like Protist vs.
Animals
• Animal-like protists are like animals in
many fundamental ways.
• They are Heterotrophs that must obtain
food by consuming other organisms.
• Most Animal like protists can move from
place to place to hunt their food.
• The main difference between Animals and
Animal-like protists is that Animal-like
protists are always Unicellular.
THE END!