Transcript I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T variables (and dependent and controls)

Catalyst
Answer in complete sentences
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the function of the endoplasmic
reticulum?
What is the function of the ribosome?
Draw a cell in a hypertonic solution and
explain what would happen to it
according to osmosis.
A cell containing 30% sugar solution is
placed in 70% sugar solution. What will
happen if ACTIVE transport occurs?
Agenda
CATALYST!
 KEY POINT BLITZ REVIEW!
 EGG LAB!
 ORGANELLE SHOWDOWN!
 TRANSPORT TRASHKETBALL!
 REVIEW GUIDE WORK TIME!
 EXIT QUESTION!
 GET IT!!!

Objectives
By the end of today,
SWBAT…

Be
ready to DOMINATE
the unit test tomorrow!!!
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
DNA
Eukaryotic?
Yes
Prokaryotic?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes, inside of
nucleus
Yes
No
Yes, floating
in cytoplasm
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic



No nucleus
DNA is floating in
cytoplasm
Single-celled organisms are
made of them
Eukaryotic



NUCLEUS!
DNA is in the nucleus
Multi-Culled organisms are
made of them
What makes them different?

The function of a cell (what it
does) is determined by its structure
(what it is made of)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the
genetic code that instructs the cell
how to run (it’s what makes you
“you”)
Organelle: Part of a cell
Cell Organelles
Nucleus
 Cell Membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria
 Chloroplast
 Vacuole

Cell Wall
 Ribosome
 Endoplasmic
Reticulum (Rough
and Smooth)
 Golgi Apparatus
 Lysosome

Plant cell vs. Animal Cell
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells have…




Cell wall
Chloroplasts
HUGE vacuole
And they photosynthesize to create sugar for
energy
 Animal
cells’ mitochondria create ATP energy only
Definitions

Solution = a mixture of solute and solvent
final product

stuff
liquid
Concentration = measurement of how
much solute there is in the solvent
 High
concentration: lots of solute, compared to solvent
 Low concentration: little solute, compared to solvent
Passive Transport

Passive transport takes no energy and
always moves towards equilibrium.
 Goal:
Equal concentration
 High  Low concentration
 Happens naturally (no energy)
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules
from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
 Diffusion continues until there is
equilibrium
 Cell membranes are selectively permeable

Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water
 When cells are placed in hypertonic or
hypotonic solutions, they change in volume

Hypertonic
Solution
Inside
Cell
Outside
Cell
70%
water
50%
water
Hypertonic
Solution
Water
Inside
Cell
70%
water
Outside
Cell
Water
50%
water
Water
Hypertonic
Solution
Water
Inside
Cell
60%
water
Water
Outside
Cell
Water
60%
water
Hypotonic
Solution
Inside
Cell
Outside
Cell
22%
water
40%
water
Hypotonic
Solution
Water
Inside
Cell
22%
water
Outside
Cell
Water
40%
water
Water
Hypotonic
Solution
Water
Inside
Cell
30%
water
Water
Outside
Cell
Water
30%
water
Isotonic
Solution
Inside
Cell
90%
water
90%
water
Outside
Cell
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPERTONIC
“LYSIS”
SHOW ME WHAT YOU KNOW!

When talking about osmosis or diffusion,
 Explain
that diffusion happens in order to create
equilibrium
 Concentrations
 Identify
 When
want to be equal!
when diffusion/osmosis will stop
the concentrations reach equilibrium!
 Identify
the measure of concentration when equilibrium
is reached
 Find
the average, if possible!
Active Transport




Active transport takes energy to
move all solutes in or out of the
cell.
The goal is to move against equilibrium
Low  High concentration
Happens on purpose (takes energy)
Passive vs. Active Transport
What’s moving?
Equilibrium?
Flow
Requires Energy?
Passive
Active
Diffusion – Solutes
Osmosis – Water
GOAL!
High  Low
No. Natural!
Solutes
Goes against it.
Low  High
YES!
Egg Lab – Day 2



An egg is ONE cell!
Underneath the shell is a semi-permeable
membrane – a cell membrane!
If we put this egg into a hypertonic or hypotonic
solution, osmosis will occur.
SO LET’S DO IT!
Egg Lab – Day 2
6.
Make detailed observations of your eggs. Record your observations
in Data Table 2.
6.
Pour out all of the acetic acid and find the
mass of each
egg again. Be very gentle. Record your measurements in Data
Table 1.
Egg A
distilled water
Egg B
corn syrup
6.
Completely cover
with
. Make
observations of both the egg and the material it is submerged in.
Record your observations in Data Table 2.
6.
Completely cover
with
. Make
observations of the egg and the material that it is submerged in.
Record your observations in Data Table 2.
ORGANELLE SHOWDOWN RULES!
Two teams will line up at the board.
 Each player has to answer the question as
quickly as possible.
 Bring your notecards to line to review as we
play.
 We will keep points and the team with the
most points wins!
 NO HELPING! Automatic 2 point deduction.

SHOWDOWN!
This part of the cell is
selectively permeable
and only allows in
certain things.
SHOWDOWN!
This is an organelle that is
found both in
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
SHOWDOWN!
This is an organelle that is
found only in plant cells.
SHOWDOWN!
All organelles are found
floating here
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle allows
sunlight to be converted
into sugar.
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle is a
pathway for proteins to
reach the Golgi
apparatus.
SHOWDOWN!
If this organelle were
destroyed, then a cell
could no longer create
ATP (energy)
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle packages
and ships proteins.
SHOWDOWN!
In prokaryotic cells, DNA
is found floating here
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle destroys
old organelles and
cleans up the cell.
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle is the
reason that plant cells
are rectangular
SHOWDOWN!
This organelle contains
the instructions for
creating proteins
SHOWDOWN!
Food and water is stored
inside of this organelle
SHOWDOWN!
2 part question!!
1) Rough ER has this on it.
2) What is the function of
the organelle in number
1?
SHOWDOWN!
2 PART QUESTION!!!
1) This organelle is much
bigger in plants than
animals
2) What is the function of the
answer to #1?
BONUS ROUND!
Each question is
worth 3 points!!
Which of the following is true?




A produces energy
for the cell
D holds the DNA
only in Eukaryotes
C produces energy
for the cell
B is a pathway for
proteins to travel
Which of the following is FALSE?




(1) holds DNA in
eukaryotic cells
(3) holds food and
waste and is huge
in plant cells
(4) is only present
in animal cell
This is a plant cell
TRANSPORT RULES!
Remember these to be golden

A) What is the membrane permeable to?



Solute: Diffusion or Active Transport
 Diffusion – moving towards equilibrium
 Active Transport – moving away from equilibrium
Water: Osmosis
B) Osmosis and Tonicity

Calculate % of water (if necessary)
 Hypertonic – more water inside; water out; cell shrinks
 Hypotonic – less water inside; water in; cell expands
 Isotonic – same water on both side; no net movement; cell stays
the same size
Transport Trash-ketball!

Teams will put their boards up when the
timer goes off.
The
team with the best answer will get to
shoot.
The best answer will include
Any work shown neatly
A clear explanation from
choose.
 So
a person that I
make sure your whole group knows how to get the
answer
 If the person can’t answer, I’ll move the next best
group
Trashketball!

A cell of 4% water solution is sitting in
a 9% water solution.
1. Draw this solution
2. Is this hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic?
3. Where does the water move?
Trashketball!

A cell with a 41% concentration of
sugar sitting in a 41% sugar solution.
1. Draw this solution
2. Is this hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic?
3. Where does the water move?
Trashketball!

A cell of 25% sugar, 75% water
solution is sitting in a solution 15%
sugar, 85% water solution.
1. Draw this solution
2. Is this hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic?
3. Where does the water move?
Trashketball
1) What will
move – solute or
solvent?
2) Which way will
it move?
This membrane is permeable
to the solute.
Trashketball
1) What will
move- solute or
solvent?
2) Which way will
it move?
This membrane is permeable
to the solute.
Trashketball – Tough one!
1) What will
move- solute or
solvent?
2) Which way will
it move?
This membrane is NOT permeable
to solute
Trashketball

If this cell were to
undergo active
transport…
 What
moves?
 Where?
 Does it ever stop?
SHOW ME WHAT
YOU KNOW!
Trashketball

If this cell were to undergo active
transport…
What
moves?
Where?

This membrane is permeable
to the solute.
Review Sheet Work TIME!!

Review sheet!!
Exit Question
What are you going to do
today/tonight in order to
ensure you achieve at
least 85% mastery on
all GLEs tomorrow?
