Transcript Photosynthesis and Respiration powerpoint

Cellular Respiration and
Photosynthesis
The yeast lab
 Are yeast an animal or a plant?
• Technically neither. They’re a fungus.
So What does that mean?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division used in
Plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Remembering the order:
Did King Philip Come Over
For Great Soup?
Kingdoms of organisms
 Cell Structure
Prokaryotes – have a lack of
membrane bound structures, rigid,
form protein like chains, single strand
of DNA, plasmids
Eukaryotes – larger, have membrane
bond structures, DNA is organized in
nucleus, do not have plasmids

Kingdom of organisms
1. Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) = can live in
extreme conditions
2. Eubacteria (true bacteria) = most use oxygen
3. Protista


All eukaryotic.
Single celled organisms

Ex: Euglena and Paramecium
4. Plantae
 Multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesis to produce food.
(autotrophy)
5. Animalia
 Multicellular eukaryotes, Heterotrophs that range in size
Kingdoms of organisms
6. Fungi
Heterotrophy (must consume food)
 Eukaryotes
 Unicellular and multicellular
 Absorb small molecules from
surroundings (food) generally are
decomposers
 Example: molds, yeasts and fungi

So what did the yeast do?
 Fermentation
 No
oxygen present-Anaerobic pathway
 Pyruvic acid converted into
Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol
 No ATP created
 Regenerates an electron carrier molecule
that keeps glycolysis going = keeps ATP in
production
Lactic Acid Fermentation
 Important in manufacturing yogurt and
cheese
 Occurs in your muscle cells during strenuous
exercise.
When oxygen is depleted at faster rate than can be
supplied to cells, cells switch from aerobic to
anaerobic respiration
 Lactic acid accumulates in muscle cells (in cytosol)
 Increased acidity in cytosol reduces cells capacity to
contract = fatigue, pains, muscle cramps

Alcoholic Fermentation
 Example - Yeast
 Converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol
 Important to wine and beer industry
 Yeast added to fermentation mixture
 Ethyl
alcohol accumulates until it reaches a
concentration that inhibits fermentation
So the yeast performed cellular respiration
 Conditions for Cellular Respiration
Oxygen
present – Aerobic respiration
Majority of ATP occurs in this
process (makes 36 ATP molecules)
Oxygen absent – Anaerobic
respiration
No ATP created
Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Reactants = Glucose (sugar), Oxygen
Products = Carbon dioxide, Water, ATP
What is ATP?
 ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate are the energy-
storing molecule.
 Without ATP supplying the cell with an abundant
supply of energy the cell would die.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
 In the Mitochondria!!!!
Do plants undergo cellular respiration?
YES!!!!!
Cellular respiration does not
mean breathing – it is breaking
down organic compounds to
release stored energy.
Plants also undergo photosynthesis
 Where photosynthesis occurs: chloroplast
Outer membrane
Granum
Thylakoid
Stroma
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
a
Only chlorophyll a is directly
involved in light reaction of
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
b helps to capture light
energy = accessory pigment
Equation for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants – Carbon dioxide, water, and light
Products – Glucose and Oxygen
How does the water and CO2 get into the plant?
 Xylem
 A structure in the stem of a plant that moves water from the
roots to the leaves.
 Stomata
 Openings on the leaf that allow gases to move in and out.
 Surrounded by guard cells that can open and close as
necessary.
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
 Affected by plant’s environment
 Light
intensityas light  , photosynthesis  until light
saturation point.
 Carbon Dioxide
CO2 , photosynthesis 
 Temperature
Chemical reactions general  with temperature
If it gets to hot the enzymes can denature and
the reaction 