Transcript Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Section 1: Cellular Growth
Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
 As the cell grows, its volume increases
much more rapidly than the surface
area.
 The cell might have difficulty supplying
nutrients and expelling enough waste
products.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Transport of Substances
 Substances move by diffusion or by
motor proteins.
 Diffusion over large distances is slow
and inefficient.
 Small cells maintain more efficient
transport systems.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Cellular Communications
 The need for signaling ______to move
throughout the cell also limits cell
_____.
 Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell
to communicate instructions for cellular
functions.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle
 ___ ________ prevents the cell from
becoming too large.
 It also is the way the cell reproduces so
that you grow and heal certain injuries.
 Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and
dividing called the ___ _______.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
 __________ is the stage during which
the cell grows, carries out cellular
functions, and replicates.
 _________ is the stage of the cell cycle
during which the cell’s nucleus and
nuclear material divide.
 ___________ is the method by which a
cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Stages of Interphase
 The first stage of ____________, G1
 The cell is growing, carrying out normal
cell functions, and preparing to replicate
DNA.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Second Stage of Interphase, S
 The cell copies its _____in preparation
for cell division.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Third Stage of Interphase, G2
 The cell prepares for the division of its
nucleus.
How do little elephants grow up to be BIG
elephants?
The process of asexual
reproduction begins after a
sperm fertilizes an egg.
Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of
skin cells - most often develops on skin
exposed to the sun.
Cell that reproduce by asexual
reproduction reproduce constantly.
Animated Mitosis Cycle
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
Chromosomes are ___________(# doubles)
• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils
(____________) at the start, but each
chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome)
change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
•
Nucleus
CELL
MEMBRANE
Cytoplasm
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
•
•
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
___________(or poles) appear and begin to
move to opposite end of the cell.
Spindle fibers form between the poles.
Centrioles
Sister chromatids
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach
to the spindle fibers.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
______________(or pairs of chromosomes)
separate and begin to move to opposite
ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
•
•
Two new ________ form.
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads
rather than rods).
Mitosis ends.
Nuclei
Chromatin
Nuclei
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
Cell membrane moves inward to create two
daughter cells – each with its own nucleus
with identical ________________.
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
31
- Cell Division
32
32
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Normal Cell Cycle
 Different __________
combinations _______
other activities,
including DNA
___________, protein
_____________, and
nuclear ___________
throughout the ______
______________.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
_____________ __________ Checkpoints
 The cell _________________ has built-in
___________ that _____________ the
cycle and can __________ it if something
goes __________.
 ______________ checkpoints also have
been identified in ____________.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
______________ Cell Cycle: ___________
 __________ is the
__________ growth
and _______ of
cells.
 Cancer cells can ___
an __________ by
________ out _____
cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue
_________.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
___________ of Cancer
 The __________ that occur in the
___________ of cell ________ and
_________ of cancer cells are due to
___________.
 Various _____________ factors can
________ the occurrence of ________ cells.
Causes of Cancer
___________________
 ___________________
 ___________________

Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Apoptosis
 _______________ cell __________
 __________ going through apoptosis
actually _________ and _________ in a
____________ process.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Stem Cells
 ____________ cells
that can _______
into __________
cells when _____ the
right ____________
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Embryonic Stem Cells
 After ___________, the resulting ______ of
cells _________ repeatedly until there are
about
_____-____ cells. These cells
have ________ become _____________.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Adult Stem Cells
 Found in _________ tissues in the body and
__________ be used to _________ and
___________ the ________ kind of tissue
 _________ controversial because the adult
stem cells can be ____________ with the
___________ of their donor
Cellular
Reproduction