Transcript Key Idea #9 - Mona Shores Blogs

FYI
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One bacteria cell in a colony looks like all the
others.
 The human body contains several hundred
different cells and each possess a different
set of proteins that allow it to carry out
specialized activities.
 All of us began life as a single fertilized egg
that divided by mitosis to produce trillions of
cells containing the same genes.
Key Idea #10
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Following fertilization, cells divide and
become specialized for specific functions.
What do you want to be when
you grow up?
There are many important jobs that
grown ups do to keep our world
running smoothly.
 Whether doctors, teachers, builders,
engineers, farmers, etc, everyone
learns a specific skill which they can
then use to help everyone else.
 Just like people, cells specialize in
important jobs.
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During early embryonic development, the cells of the
body became specialized for different activities in a
process called cell differentiation.
How Living Things are Structured
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Following fertilization, cell division produces a
small cluster of cells that then differentiate by
appearance and function to form the basic
tissues, organs, and organ systems of multicellular organisms.
Googleimages.com
Specialized Cells
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are very different from each other in size and
structure
are found in multi-celled organisms and carry out
different functions from each other
are genetically programmed for a particular function
have a unique structure to facilitate its function
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Cells that become liver cells express a specific set of “liver
genes”
Each cell type has specific genes that can be "switched on"
or "switched off" as it carries out its particular function.
are specialized to take in nutrients, which are used to
make the materials that a cell or organisms needs to
survive
make up different kinds of body tissues, organs, and
organ systems that function together
Specialized Animal Cells
Specialized Animal Cells
Specialized Plant Cells
Specialized Plant Cells
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Epidermis and cuticle: prevents dehydration.
Green chlorophyll containing cells: perform photosynthesis
Guard Cells: help to regulate the rate of transpiration by
opening and closing the stomata.
Tissues
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are made up of groups of similar
specialized cells.
http://theodoreschwann5.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html
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A variety of specialized cells formed through
cell division make up different tissues,
performing different functions.
http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Cell_differentiation.gif
Types of Animal Tissues
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epithelial tissue
– outer skin cells
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connective tissue
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cartilage cells
fat cells
blood cells
bone cells
inner skin cells
muscular tissue
– muscle cells
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nervous tissue
– nerve cells
Types of Plant Tissues
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Vascular (conductive)
– transportation system
– Xylem/phloem cells
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Epidermal
– protective covering
– outer surface of leaf cells
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Ground
– storage and support
Photosynthetic layers of
cells
http://www.progressivegardens.com/knowledge_tree/tissue.jpg
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http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/leaftissue/leaftissue.html
Organs
 are
a group of different tissues
working together performing a
specific job.
Plant organs include
roots
 stems
 leaves
 flower
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Animal organs include
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stomach
liver
kidney
heart
lungs
skin
skeleton
muscles, etc…
http://www.grizzlybird.net/greenparenting/tips.gif
Organs are made of different tissues:
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The heart is an
organ that includes
muscle, epithelial,
connective (blood)
tissue.
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Leaves, stems, and
roots are organs
made up of dermal,
vascular, and ground
tissue.
Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ Systems
http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/images/anatomy.gif
Organ System
An organ system is a group of organs
that work together to perform a certain
task.
Humans have multiple organ systems
including:
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Plants have two organ systems:
The Shoot System
 Above ground
(usually)
 Elevates the plant
above the soil
 Many functions
including:
– photosynthesis
– reproduction &
dispersal
– food and water
conduction
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2005/plantbod.gif
The Root System
 Underground
(usually)
 Anchor the plant in
the soil
 Absorb water and
nutrients
 Conduct water and
nutrients
 Food Storage
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2005/plantbod.gif
From atoms and molecules to
organisms:
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http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image48.gif
Think about it:
Why do multicelled organisms
like plants and animals make
specialized cells, considering that
every cell contains the same
genetic information?
http://www.phschool.com/science/biolog
y_place/biocoach/plants/dermal.html
 http://www.indianastandardsresources.o
rg/lesson.asp?ID=270
 http://ez002.k12.sd.us/Chapter%20Two
%20Science.htm
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http://www.slideshare.net/scienceinterac
tive/unit-38-cells-tissues-organs-andorgan-systems