Transcript Game 1
Heredity Cell Energetics & Communication Labs 1-4 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Chemistry of Life Cells 100 What name is given to the general types of logic used in scientific processes? Hypothetico-deductive thinking What is an isotope? An element with the normal number of protons but a different number of neutrons This changes what? What are the names of the intermolecular attractions between H2O molecules that are responsible for water’s high specific heat, high surface tension, cohesive properties and the fact that ice floats in water? Hydrogen bonds Which type of isomer is dependent upon the positioning of functional groups around a double bond? Geometric Isomers What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways? Catabolic pathways= break things down Anabolic pathways= put molecules together The cell organelle that breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies alcohol producing hydrogen peroxide which is toxic, and also contains enzymes to break hydrogen peroxide down Peroxisome The chemical force (concentration gradient) and electrical force (membrane potential) that acts on ions Electrochemical Gradient Proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer that is loosely bound to membrane surface Peripheral Proteins Cellular extensions that allows the cell to crawl Pseudopodia Channels that perforate cell walls through which cytoplasm passes, that connect and unify plant cells Plasmodesmata Q: What is the F2 generation phenotype ratio? Draw the punnett square. (F1 generation was heterozygous) P – purple p – white 3:1 phenotype P P PP p Pp p Pp pp Q: A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. What are the genotypes of these individuals? IAi and IBi Determine the sequence of genes along the chromosome based on these recombinant frequencies: A-B: 8 map units A-C: 28 A-D: 25 B-C: 20 B-D: 33 D-A-B-C Describe how nondisjunction occurs and what is the result? Homologous chromosomes do not move apart in meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate in mitosis or meiosis II. Aneuploidy, abnormal chromosome number is the result A wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color and normal wings) was mated with a black fly with vestigial wings. Offspring: 788 wild type 785 black vestigial 162 grey vestigial 158 black normal Q: What is the recombination frequency? A: (785 black vestigial + 162 grey vestigial) / 1893 total What is the recombination frequency? 17% Chemical Reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Respiration These reactions use light energy to split H2O and release O2 into the atmosphere, and also regengerate ATP & NADPH Light Reactions This mode of ATP synthesis is fueled by the electron transport chain and takes place in the mitochondrial membrane Oxidative Phosphorylation The cycle that occurs in cytosol, breaks glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate Glycolosis Type of Phosporylation? An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein Protein Kinase In lab 4, this would denature proteins involved in the photosystems responsible for reducing DPIP or disrupt the structure of the pigments involved. What is boiling the chloroplasts. At what time is the rate highest in an enzyme reaction? The start/beginning of the reaction • This is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. • What is Osmosis? During cytokinesis of mitosis, what forms in plant cells and in animal cells? Plant: Cell Plate Animal: Cleavage Furrow What asci patterns in Sordaria indicate the occurrence of crossing over? http://www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/blackwell/9-22.jpg 2:2:2:2 2:4:2 Think of how possible with chromosomes!