Transcript 94學年暑假基礎生物分子工程專題實驗簡介

基礎生物分子工程專題實驗
生物分子工程學程
生物分子工程實驗專題
下學期學期初選定專題 學期中及
暑假時進行各組所選定之專題
1.
2.
3.
4.
Biological Fuel Cell
Bacterial Cellulose Production and Applications
Antibiotic Peptides Production and Applications
Cyclodextrin production by cyclomaltodextrin
5.
glucanotransferase
Immobilized Enzymes on eggshell as Biocatalyst
for Biotransformations
專題要求
學期中每月各組專題進度報告一次
暑假結束前專題成果展示報告
邀其他同學老師觀摩成績由四位參與專
題學程老師評定
專題需改進加強部分繼續在九十四學年
下學期中完成
What is the fuel cell?
A fuel cell is a device for the direct energy conversion
of chemical energy to electrical energy.
Electric Consumer
External Circuit
electrons
H+
H+
Electrolyte
Direction of electron and ion flow in
It
includes
fuel
cell: an anode, a cathode, a
electrons
supporting electrolyte medium to
External
circuit
no electrons
or
connect the
two open,
electrodes,
an external
ions
flow
circuit
to utilize the energy.
Oxidation of
reducing fuel
External
closed,
electrons
move
Reactantscircuit
must be
supplied
to both
from
the anode
to the cathode
and
electrodes
as a source
for the electron
positively
charged ions move from the
transfer reactions.
anodic compartment to the cathodic
Catalysts
must be present to provide a
compartment
Anode
rapid rate of reaction at each electrode.
H+
H+
H+
Cathode
Ion-Exchange Membrane
Reduction of
oxidizing fuel
Biofuel Cell
Distinction between Conventional
Fuel Cell and Biofuel Cell
Conventional Fuel Cells use precious metal as catalyst.
Biofuel Cells utilize enzymatic catalysts, either as they occur
in microorganisms, or as isolated proteins. There are two
types of biofuel cells: direct and indirect
The direct biofuel cell is a configuration in which fuel is oxidized at the
surface of the electrode.(Enzyme have been used as catalysts in direct
biofuel cells)
The indirect biofuel cell is a configuration in which fuel reacts not at
the electrode, but in solution or in a separate compartment, and a redox
active mediator is added to shuttle electrons between the site of reaction
and the electrode. ( microorganisms have often been used in indirect
biofuel cell)
Bacterial Cellulose
Biocellulose
Cellulose is the main component of plant cell wall.
Some bacteria produce cellulose (celled biocellulose or
bacterial cellulose). Plant cellulose and bacterial
cellulose have the same chemical structure, but
different physical and chemical properties. Figure 1
shows an electron microscopic image of biocellulose
and plant cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is produced by
an acetic acid-producing bacterium, Acetobacter
xylinum. The diameter of biocellulose is about 1/100
of that of plant cellulose and Young's modulus of
biocellulose is almost equivalent to that of aluminum.
Therefore, biocellulose is expected to be a new
biodegradable biopolymer.
Bacterial cellulose and plant cellulose.
The predicted pathway of cellulose synthesis and secretion when
glucose is taken into Gluconacetobactor xylinum from the outside of
the cell
Bacterial Cellulose
Antibiotic Peptides
Primary structure of Nisin
The mode of action of the Lipid II mediated pore-formation by nisin
Agar well diffusion method
Chitin, a polysaccharide of animal origin,is obtained from waste
material of seafood industries. It occurs in the skeletal materialof
crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters,shrimps, prawns and crayfish.
Chitosan is the deacetylated product formed bytreatment of chitin with
concentrated(50%) caustic alkali.
Antimicrobial activity of Chitosan (central disc) and other standard
antibiotics against resistant strains of S. enterica var. Paratyphi-A-1,
S. enterica var. Paratyphi-B-3, and S. enterica var. Paratyphi-B-4.
Cyclodextrin production
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligo-glucopyranose molecules
linked via "(1÷4) glycosidic bonds consisting mainly of 6, 7
or 8 glucose residues, a, b , g - cyclodextrin. The increasing
use in industrial and research applications of cyclodextrins
is based upon their ability to form inclusion complexes with
many small hydrophobic molecules.
Cyclodextrin production
Cyclodextrin (CD) is synthesized by bacterial
cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) and is
widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic,
and agricultural industries.
Eggshell membrane
Eggshell membrane, having excellent gas and water
permeability,may be an ideal biomaterial for enzyme
immobilization.Its thickness is approximately 65-96 mm
and it is mainlycomposed of biological molecules and
protein fibers, which may supply polycations to stabilize
the enzymes. With the protection of eggshell and
eggshell membrane, if not infected by microbes
and bacteria, an egg can be kept fresh for a long time.
(a)
(b)
Scanning electron micrographs of the eggshell membrane.
(a) Fresh eggshell membrane. (b) Eggshell membrane
immobilized with enzyme.