Transcript File - Living Environment

Aim: How are photosynthesis
and Respiration related?
Do now
Regents Biology
Complete the following Diagram
Use arrows
To show the
direction of
the
following:
• Sunlight
• CO2
• O2
• H2O
• Glucose
Regents Biology
Plants are energy producers
 Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat
food to make that energy
 Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY
Regents Biology
How do plants make energy & food?
 Plants use the energy from the sun

to make sugars:
 glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more
sun
sugars
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Using light & air to grow plants
 Photosynthesis
using sun’s energy, CO2 & water to make
sugar
 Occurs in chloroplasts
 Allows plants to grow
 Make oxygen (O2)
as a waste product

carbon
sun
+ water + energy  glucose + oxygen
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O + sun  C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy
Regents Biology
Chloroplasts
Leaf
absorb
sunlight & CO2
Leaves
sun
CO2
Chloroplasts
in cell
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts
contain
Chlorophyll
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Chloroplast
make
ENERGY & SUGAR
Chloroplasts are only in plants
animal cells
plant cells
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So what does a plant need?
 Needs:
Energy
(sunlight)
 CO2
 H2O

leaves
 To make:
O2
 Glucose
shoot

roots
6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Regents Biology
energy
Leaf Structure
cuticle
epidermis
vascular bundle (vein)
xylem (water)
phloem (sugar)
palisades
layer
spongy
layer
epidermis
cuticle
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stomate
guard
cells
xylem (water)
Transpiration
O2 H O
2
 CO2 in
 O2 out
 water out
 so itBiology
gets
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CO2
stomate
O2 H2O
to leaves from roots
CO2
guard
cells
Transpiration
 Water evaporates from
the stomates in the
leaves

pulls water up from
roots like a straw
Regents Biology
Stomates & Guard Cells
 Function of stomates is to let:



CO2 in
O2 out
H2O out
 Function of guard cells

open & close stomates to control H2O
loss
guard cell
stomate
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Guard cells & Homeostasis
 Homeostasis

keeping the internal
environment of the
plant balanced
 Stomates open

let CO2 in
 needed to make sugars

let H2O out
 needed for photosynthesis

let O2 out
 get rid of waste product
 Stomates close

if too much H2O evaporating
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Xylem
carry water up from roots
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Phloem: food-conducting cells
 carry sugars around the plant
wherever they are needed
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What is Respiration?
 The method cells used to make
energy in the form of ATP
 Happens in the Mitochondria
 Sugars are broken down
 In the presence of oxygen
 aerobic respiration
 Without oxygen:
 Anaerobic respiration
 Example: Fermentation
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Mitochondria are in both plants
and animals
plant cells
animal cells
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Mitochondria
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What does the mitochondria need?
Needs:
• Glucose
• O2
Makes:
• CO2
• H2O
• Energy (ATP)
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C H O6 +
6 12
Regents Biology
6O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
How does Glucose and O2 get to the
Mitochondria?
 Glucose is absorbed by the digestive
system
 Oxygen is taken in by the respiratory
system
 Both systems are connected to the
circulatory system which moves
materials to and from the cell?
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Mitochondria
 Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria


there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or
100s to 1000s of individual mitochondria
number of mitochondria is correlated with
aerobic metabolic activity
 more activity = more energy
needed = more mitochondria
What cells would
have a lot of
mitochondria?
active cells:
• muscle cells
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• nerve cells
How are they connected?
Respiration
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
6O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis
carbon
sun
+ water + energy  glucose + oxygen
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy
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The Great ENERGY Circle of Life
sun
Photosynthesis
plants
CO2
glucose
+ O2
sugar
+ H2O
Respiration
animals & plants
ATP
Regents Biology
Correct your Diagram
Use arrows
To show the
direction of
the
following:
• Sunlight
• CO2
• O2
• H2O
• Glucose
Regents Biology