Transcript Reproduction

Reproduction

There are two main types of
reproduction in living organisms.
1. Sexual Reproduction
2. Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
•
A new organism (sometimes more than one) is
produced from one organism
•
The new organism will have the exact same
genetic makeup of its’ parent organism
•
The process can be accomplished in three ways:
1. Mitosis (cells with a nucleus)
2. Fission (cells without a nucleus)
3. Budding and Regeneration (a bud on the
parent plant can break away and grow on
its’ own
Asexual Reproducers
video
Euglena divide in half lenthwise to
form 2 mirror images (protist)
A potato reproducing
by budding
Fungi spores can be blown to new locations
where new “cloned” organisms will grow
The rapid multiplication of bacteria through mitosis
Questions:
1.
How many parents do whiptail lizards have?
2.
How do young whiptail lizards differ from their parents?
3.
How much of their genetic material do whiptail lizards
have?
Sexual Reproduction
video
Flowers
In sexual reproduction, one half of the chromosomes
come from the female and one half of the
chromosomes come from the male. Unlike asexual
reproduction, the offspring are not exact copies of
parent(s).
Many organisms reproduce by sexual reproduction: plants,
animals, fungi and protists.
Fungi usually reproduce asexually,
making copies of itself. However,
when resources are slim, fungi
reproduce sexually in an effort to
produce offspring that is more
adapted to the new environment.
Sexual Reproduction (cont.)
Humans reproduce by sexual reproduction. A female cell and male cell combine
to form offspring that are a combination of chromosomes from each parent.
Paramecium, a member of the kingdom of protista,
like fungi will sexually reproduce when resources are
limited. When resources are scarce, overcrowding
develops and much of the population is
environmentally stressed. At that point, sexual
reproduction can possibly produce offspring who are
more suited to this environment.
Questions:
1.
What type of reproduction (asexual or sexual) do most
plants use?
2.
What nonliving force do plants rely on most often for
pollination?
3.
What are some of the ways in which plants encourage or
trick animals into carrying their pollen to other plants?
4.
What proportion of each parent plant’s genetic material
does each offspring plant have?
So why sex? What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
video
Asexual reproduction is much more
energy efficient for an organism. When
conditions are right, organisms can copy
themselves and the offspring thrive.
Sexual reproduction provides mixing of
the genes. This mixing produces offspring
that may be resistant to disease and other
environment factors that their parents are
not resistant to. This increases the survival
rate of the group of organisms
Questions:
1.
What are the differences between the two species of
minnows featured in the video?
2.
Which species, the asexual or the sexual reproducers,
tends to be more heavily parasitized by the worm that
causes black-spot disease?
3.
How are the sexual reproduces able to evolve defenses
against parasites more quickly and more effectively than
their asexual counterparts?
The Mating
Game
Mating Game