Transcript Chapter 1 - SharpSchool

Chapter 1
Living Organisms
How are living things alike?
• All organisms are
made of cells!
• An organism is a
living thing made up
of a cell or cells.
• Our bodies are made
up of more than one
trillion cells!
How does it work?
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•
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
What is a life process?
• A life process is a function that living things
must perform in order to stay alive.
• There are 6 life processes!
• 1. Getting energy and nutrients.
• 2. Using energy.
• 3. Reproducing.
• 4. Growing.
• 5. Getting rid of wastes.
• 6. Reacting to outside changes.
Getting energy and nutrients
• Nutrients are
chemicals that living
things need in order
to stay alive!
• Different organisms
get energy and
nutrients in different
ways.
Using energy
• The cells of organisms
break down food material
to release energy.
• Cells use this energy to
do their work!
• If you cut yourself, blood
cells will kill bacteria that
may enter your body
through your cut. The
blood cells use energy to
do their work!
Reproduce
• Reproduce is to make
more of the same
kind.
• Some single-celled
organisms divide to
reproduce.
• This keeps organisms
alive!
Growing
• Cells use energy and
nutrients to grow.
• One-celled organisms
grow by dividing.
• Many-celled
organisms grow by
making new cells.
Getting rid of wastes
• As an organism’s cells do work, the cells
make different kinds of waste.
• Some of these wastes are poison and
need to be released in order to stay alive!
Reacting to outside changes
• Organisms need to
react to the changes
around them.
• This helps an
organism stay alive
and healthy!
Scientists use 3 features to
classify…
1. Cell structure
2. How the organism
gets energy and
nutrients.
3. How the organism
reproduces.
Plant vs. Animal Cells
5 Kingdoms
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Moneran
Protist
Fungus
Plant
Animal
Moneran Kingdom
• Take in nutrients from
outside their bodies.
• Has no membrane
around its nucleus.
• Examples: bacterium
• Cause diseases but
also cure diseases
• Can turn milk into
different kinds of
cheese.
Protist Kingdom
• A protist is a one- or
many-celled organism
with a membrane
around each nucleus.
• Protists use sunlight
or eat food to get
energy.
• All protists live in wet
places.
• Example: seaweed
Fungus Kingdom
• Fungus is an
organism that
absorbs food from the
surface it lives on.
• Examples: mold,
mushrooms, yeast
Plant Kingdom
• Most plants grow in
soil, but some grow in
water, on rocks, and
in other places.
• Most are green.
• Reproduce with
seeds.
• Make their own food.
Animal Kingdom
• Many-celled
organisms
• Must eat other
organisms to stay
alive.
• Reproduce from
eggs.
Dividing Kingdoms into Smaller
Groups
• KINGDOM
• GENUS (GENERAL)
• SPECIES (SPECIFIC)
As each group gets smaller, the organisms have more in
common!
Scientific Name
• A scientific name is a
name made up of an
organism’s genus and
species name.
• Example: Panthera
leo
Panthera = genus
Leo = species