Transcript Objective 2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of living

Reporting Category #4
Organisms and the Environment
1
Systems combine to form larger
systems.
• Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ
Systems → Organism
• Earth → Milky Way Galaxy → Universe
• Population → Community → Ecosystem
• Circulatory → Nervous → Reproductive
→Digestive → Immune → Organism
2
Animal Cells
• A cell is the smallest part of any living
thing. Each part of a cell completes a
certain function.
• Cell Membrane - forms the outer
boundary of the cell Cytoplasm - a gel-like
material contains water and nutrients for
the cell
• Nucleus - directs the activity of a cell; it
contains chromosomes with the DNA
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - moves materials
around in the cell
3
Animal Cells
4
Plant Cells
• Mitochondria - break
down food and release
energy to the cell
• Cell Wall - provides
structure to the plant
cell
• Chloroplasts - contain
chlorophyll that is make
food for the plant cell
5
Plant Cells
6
Photosynthesis
• 6H2O + 6CO2 ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Water = Carbon Dioxide = sugar/glucose + Oxygen
• Photosynthesis is the process of converting
light energy to chemical energy and storing it
in the bonds of sugar.
7
Ecosystems
• Ecosystems tend to
change with time until a
stable system is
formed.
• The types of animal
communities found in an
ecosystem is dependent
upon the kinds of plants
and other producer
organisms in that
ecosystem.
8
How are the plants dependent
upon the soil? How is the soil
dependent upon the plants?
9
Forest Ecosystems
• Forests might be cleared,
burned or flooded, but
eventually if conditions
become suitable once again,
the bare land will begin to
change back into a forest
slowly over time.
• The first plants to move in
are called pioneer plants
(grass and shrubs), and they
need to be tough and grow
quickly in order to survive in
the often harsh conditions
of recently disturbed areas.
(Primary Succession)
10
Sucession
• Succession
occurs in all
ecosystems.
• Place the stages
of succession of
two ecosystems
into sequence.
11
Food Chains and Webs
• Plants are called producers
because they are able to use
light energy from the Sun to
produce food (sugar) from
carbon dioxide and water.
• Animals cannot make their own
food so they must eat plants
and/or other animals. They are
called consumers. There are
three groups of consumers.
12
Food Chains and Webs
• Animals that eat ONLY PLANTS are called
herbivores (or primary consumers).
• Animals that eat OTHER ANIMALS are
called carnivores.
– carnivores that eat herbivores are called
secondary consumers
– carnivores that eat other carnivores are called
tertiary consumers
• Animals and people who eat BOTH animals and
plants are called omnivores.
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Food Chains and Webs
• Then there are decomposers (bacteria
and fungi) which feed on decaying
matter.
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Food Chains and Webs
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Food Chains and Webs
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