Transcript Photosynthesis, Respiration & Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis, Respiration
& Chemical Energy
Chemical Change (Reaction)
• Chemical reactions occur when old bonds
break and new bonds form.
Chemical Change (Reaction)
• Chemical reactions involve two main kinds
of changes that you can observe –
– formation of new substances and
– changes in energy (i.e. chemical  heat & light)
Pow
H Pow
H
C
Pow
H Pow
H
Snap
OPow O
Snap
OPow O
Snap
Old Bonds
Break
New Bonds
Form
© Beadle, 2009
Endo/Exothermic Reactions Review
(This will be related to Photosynthesis & Respiration)
• Exothermic: Respiration
– Give off more energy
during the reaction
Energy
© Beadle, 2009
• Endothermic:
Photosynthesis
– Take in or Absorb
energy during the
reaction.
Energy
Photosynthesis & Respiration
+ Endo/Exothermic Reactions
Photosynthesis: (Like Endothermic Rxn’s)
• Plants take in Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
Plants take in Light energy from the sun and transform it
into chemical energy by making sugar (C6H12O6) and
Oxygen (O2 )(plant poo)!
Respiration: (Like Exothermic Rxn’s)
• Animals breath in Oxygen (O2 ) and eat the sugar
(C6H12O6) from plants. Animals then metabolize the
sugar and oxygen and convert it back into Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) (Exhaled Animal poo).
This process releases the stored chemical energy and
converts it into mechanical and heat energy.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Sugar
Oxygen
Light
High Chemical Energy
Got it from light
Mechanical
Plants
Animals
Heat
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Low Chemical Energy
Some of the energy was used
The chemicals go back and forth going from a low level of energy with Carbon
Dioxide and Water to a high level of energy with Sugar and Oxygen. The sun gives
the plant the necessary energy to transform lower levels of chemical energy into
Light
How it all works
Plants
Animals
Endothermic
Exothermic
(energy in)
(energy out)
SugarPlants
& Oxygen
Animals
CO
2 & H2O
(Chemical Energy)
(Mechanical & Heat)
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Process of using light to build
powerful energy filled chemicals.
Process of unpacking the energy
from the chemicals so that we
animals can move.
This is like the factory which takes light
energy from the sun and converts it into
chemical energy. That chemical energy is
bundled and stored in the chemicals –
sugar and oxygen – which is then shipped
to the critters in the rest of the ecosystem.
The chemicals received from the plants are
packed with energy. It is like the batteries
for our bodies which allows us to move and
function. Without it, we would not be able to
move, breath, think, live.
Light
How it all works
Plants
Animals
Endothermic
Exothermic
(energy in)
(energy out)
SugarPlants
& Oxygen
Animals
CO
2 & H2O
(Chemical Energy)
(Mechanical & Heat)
1.Sun Light (bright sun hand gesture)
•
Plants take in light energy from the sun plus the CO2 & H2O from animals and…
2.Chem Food/Poo O2 (puke hand gesture)
•
•
converts it into volatile power packing chemical energy as sugar (food) & oxygen (poo).
it is later sent to the animals.
3.Mechanical Energy Be Free in Me (Power Ranger)
•
Animals take in the chemical energy as Sugar and Oxygen and unleash the energy as
mechanical and heat energy – and convert the chemicals back into powerless carbon
dioxide and water. These chemicals are then recycled back to the plants to collect energy.
Energy Sequence
Light
Plants
Animals
Endothermic
Exothermic
(energy in)
(energy out)
This slide gives you a mnemonic
device to help you remember the
energy sequence of how energy CO
SugarPlants
& Oxygen
Animals
2 & H2O
flows in an ecosystem.
(Chemical Energy)
(Mechanical & Heat)
I want you to think of this Giraffe
to remember the acronym.
1.
Light Energy
2.
Chemical Energy
3.
Mechanical & Heat
Li-Che-M High
(Lick em)
Energy
Chemical Sequence
Light
Plants
Animals
Endothermic
Exothermic
(energy in)
(energy out)
This slide gives you a mnemonic device to
help you remember the chemical sequence of
the chemicals flows in an ecosystem.
SugarPlants
&how
Oxygen
Animals
CO
2 & H2O
(Chemical Energy)
(Mechanical & Heat)
I want you to think of this sock to remember
the acronym.
Light Energy
Chemical Energy
Mechanical & Heat
Energy
Sugar & Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide & Water
SO CD Wet SOC?
Putting it all together
Light
Plants
Animals
Endothermic
Exothermic
(energy in)
(energy out)
SugarPlants
& Oxygen
Animals
CO
2 & H2O
(Chemical Energy)
(Mechanical & Heat)
When putting it all together, the sun continually sheds its light energy to the
plants. The plants use that energy to produce food (chemical energy) and ships
it to the animals where they unpack that energy and use it to move by
converting it to mechanical and heat energy.
The chemicals act like a conveyor belt which transports that energy from one
living organism to another. Without those chemicals transporting the energy,
you and I would not be alive simply because without it, energy would not be able
to move from plants (producer) to animals (primary & secondary consumers).
Photosynthesis
(Like an endothermic reaction)
Photosynthesis takes place in the Plant Cells
Chloroplast
The Chloroplasts are where
Light, water and Carbon Dioxide
are processed into sugar (glucose)
and oxygen
Photosynthesis
Sun
Endothermic Reaction
•Molecules go in and get
zapped with energy.
Carbon
Dioxide
molecules
Chloroplasts
Water molecules
1. Sun
© Beadle, 2009
Photosynthesis
Endothermic reaction
Oxygen is a waste product
that leaves the plant (plant poop!)
•New molecules come out
with stored energy
2. Plant Poo
Energy
Stored Inside
(Potential Chemical)
Glucose is used by
the plant for it’s food
Chloroplasts
Without Photosynthesis, nothing else could exist
on this planet! YEAH! Go hug a tree and say
“thanks!”
Respiration
(Like an Exothermic Reaction)
Animal Cell
© Beadle, 2009
Respiration
(Exothermic Reaction)
Respiration takes place in
the animal cells
Mitochondria
(Human Cell)
The “Mitochondria” is where chemical
energy is converted into mechanical energy
© Beadle, 2009
Respiration
Similar to an Exothermic Reaction
Glucose
Molecule
•Molecules from plants go in…
3. Energy be free in me!
Oxygen Molecules
Mitochondria
(Human Cell)
Oxygen and Glucose molecules
react with each other in the
mitochondria and form new molecules Our bodies are designed to unpack that
energy stored in the sugar through a
our bodies use the released energy
series of exothermic reactions.
to do stuff
© Beadle, 2009
Respiration
Exothermic Reaction
•React and release the stored energy
3. Energy be free in me!
Unpack
Stored Energy
(Released Energy)
Mitochondria
(Human Cell)
© Beadle, 2009
Note: The process by which sugar is broken
down is a lot more complicated than a just a
simple reduction of sugar – You’ll learn how
in your Biology class in High School.
1. Sun Light
Energy Sequence
2. Chem Food/
Poo O2
3. Mechanical Energy
be free in me!
Sun
Unpack
Stored Energy
Released in Mechanical
& Heat Energy
Light Energy
1. Light comes from the sun
2. Plants convert that energy
into chemical energy via
sugar
3. We eat the sugar and
convert that energy into
heat & mechanical energy
Chemical Energy
Mechanical
& Heat Energy
Now we send back our “waste
products” to the plants!
Every time we exhale, we send CO2 and H2O back to plants
Plants change the CO2 and H2O into Glucose
and O2 that comes back to us
Why is this cycle so important?
• Remember
the
tragedy
the
4 Billion years ago, the
atmosphere
was mostly COof
,
Which is GREAT for photosynthesis!!!
Strombolites…
2
All the
CO2 in theare
atmosphere
eventually
became
O 2.
Strombolites
the earliest
form of life
we have
Which means
formaybe
our Strombolite
ever found…
the firstwhat
ones,
as long asfriends…?
4 BILLION years ago!!!
Moral: NOTHING CAN
Some still survive today as you can see in this picture:
SURVIVE
They are living bacteria that form rock like features when they
grow together. It looks a bit like a coral reef
IN IT’S
OWN WASTE!!!!
They (like modern plants) did Photosynthesis
Moral: NOTHING CAN
But there were NO animals around yet…why is this a problem?
SURVIVE
A: There were no critters to turn the O back into CO ,
the Strombolites
died off!!!
Poor things…
IN and
IT’S
OWN
WASTE!!!!
2
2
How long would you last…?
Stuck in a sealed room with nothing but CO2?
“Photosynthesis” and “Respiration” Cycle
Sun
See if you can fill in each blank in order starting at the sun!
1) ____________ Energy comes from the sun
(2 Chemicals)
5) _____________ & _____________
molecules are sent to animals
(2 Chemicals)
9) ________ ________ & ____________
molecules are sent back to plants
Can Do: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Can Do: RESPIRATION
2) Happens in: ______________ cells
6)Happens in: _______________ cells
3) Forms ___________________Energy
7) ______________energy converts to
4) Makes:___________ and ___________ molecules
_______________ & ________ energy
8) Makes:________ ________and _______
“Photosynthesis” and “Respiration” Cycle
Sun
See if you can fill in each blank in order starting at the sun!
Light
1) ____________
Energy comes from the sun
(2 Chemicals)
Sugar
Oxygen
5) _____________
& _____________
molecules are sent to animals
(2 Chemicals)
Carbon ________
Dioxide & ____________
Water
9) ________
molecules are sent back to plants
Can Do: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Can Do: RESPIRATION
2) Happens in: ______________
cells
Plant
6)Happens in: _______________
cells
Animal
Chemical
3) Forms ___________________Energy
Chemical
7) ______________energy
converts to
Sugar and ___________
Oxygen molecules
4) Makes:___________
_______________
Mechanical & ________
Heat energy
Water
8) Makes:________
_______
Carbon ________and
Dioxide