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PreAP Bio Foldables Notes and Foldables • The first part of the power point should go in your notebook – Don’t forget CORNEL STYLE NOTES • The rest of the power point will go in there. Vocabulary (In notebook) • Hydrophobic – molecule that does NOT want to be around water ** NONPOLAR (ex: oil) –HATES WATER • Hydrophilic – molecule that wants to be around water -** POLAR (ex: sugar, salts, other waters) –LOVES WATER Phospholipids (In notebook) • Draw this diagram in your notes Phosphate Head Lipid Tails Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook) Phospholipid Bilayers – lipid layers creates a water proof boundary for the cells (Purple Area) Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook) * Cell membranes control what enters or leaves the cells Vocabulary (In notebook) • Solute – a molecule that is being dissolved – Ex: salt or sugar will dissolve in water NOTICE: Na+ (Sodium Ion) Cl- (Chlorine Ion) look how the water molecules orient themselves to the + or – solute ions Vocabulary (In notebook) • Solvent – a molecule that can dissolve something – Ex: Water (the universal solvent) Vocabulary (In notebook) • Solution – made up of solvent and solutes Solute Water Solute Vocabulary (In notebook) • Concentration Gradient – the difference between molecules (green hexagons) on opposite sides of the membrane • Notice the difference between HIGH concentration and LOW concentration High Concentration Low Concentration • IF they can, molecules will ALWAYS try to equal out on both sides Vocabulary (In notebook) • Equilibrium – when solute amounts are EQUAL everywhere (usually referring to both sides of a membrane) Vocabulary (In notebook) • Permeable – when molecules can cross a membrane Vocabulary (In notebook) • Selectively Permeable – when certain molecules are allowed to cross a membrane • The rest of the slides go into your foldables… Cellular Transport Foldable • Show Landscape vs Portrait orientation Cellular Transport Foldable While holding the paper in Landscape orientation, fold your sheet of paper along the long edge, but leave about 1cm (one finger width) at the bottom of the page Cellular Transport Foldable Cellular Transport Write “Cellular Transport” at the bottom of the page (the 1cm section) Cellular Transport Foldable Cellular Transport Open the page back up Cellular Transport Foldable Cellular Transport Fold the page along the short edge, BUT JUST crease the upper portion in half (crease down the blue dotted line) Cellular Transport Foldable Cellular Transport Fold each edge into the middle upper fold you just made and crease only in the upper section again. Cellular Transport Foldable Cellular Transport Cut along the dotted lines that are colored blue in this picture Cellular Transport Foldable Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Cellular Transport Label the outside flaps with “Simple Diffusion”, “Osmosis”, “Facilitated Diffusion”, and “Active Transport” Cellular Transport Foldable Upper inside flap Picture of Simple Diffusion Upper inside flap Picture of Facilitated Diffusion Upper inside flap Picture of Osmosis Upper inside flap 2 Pictures for Active Transport Lower inside flap Describe Simple Diffusion Lower inside flap Describe Facilitated Diffusion Lower inside flap Describe Osmosis Lower inside flap Describe Active Transport Cellular Transport Draw the pictures and describe the transport from the following slides… Picture for Simple Diffusion Inside Upper Flap HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap) • (Vocabulary) Diffusion - ALWAYS moves solutes from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) • Simple diffusion allows molecules to move through the phospholipid bilayer without needing help. • Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP) Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap) • Examples: • 1) perfume/cologne will diffuse through the entire room when someone sprays it. • 2) if the room catches on fire, the students will diffuse from inside (High concentration) to outside (Low concentration) of students • 3) a child going down a slide is like moving down the concentration gradient. Picture for Facilitated Diffusion Inside Upper Flap HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap) • Facilitated Diffusion ALWAYS moves from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) • (Vocabulary) Facilitated diffusion REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer. • Facilitated Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP) Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap) • The solute molecules are either Too BIG or Too HYDROPHILIC to cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer • Transport proteins act as a tunnel that solutes travel through. Picture for Osmosis Inside Upper Flap HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration Osmosis (Inside lower flap) • Osmosis ALWAYS moves from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) • Osmosis REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get WATER molecules ( ) across the phospholipid bilayer. • Osmosis NEVER needs energy (ATP) Osmosis (Inside lower flap) • (Vocabulary) Osmosis – Movement of water across a membrane • Water molecules will never be able to easily cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer, but ALL CELLS NEED WATER • Aquaporin is the transport protein that acts as a tunnel that solutes travel through. 2 Pictures for Active Transport Inside Upper Flap • NOTICE: There are two pictures for Active Transport. Put one picture above the other on the inside upper flap… Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 1 for Active Transport Inside upper flap HIGH Concentration ATP LOW Concentration Picture 2 for Active Transport Inside upper flap HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration Active Transport (Inside lower flap) • Active Transport ALWAYS moves from LOW Concentration HIGH Concentration (AGAINST the concentration gradient) • (Vocabulary) Active Transport- ALWAYS REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP) and a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer AGAINST the concentration gradient • Active Transport ALWAYS needs energy (ATP) Active Transport (Inside lower flap) • Ex: Think of a bouncer at a popular club. When the cell (club) is full, and a solute (person) wants to try and get in, they have to PAY the bouncer to let them “sneak” by. Money would be like the cell paying ATP energy to make the protein channel (bouncer) let the solute (person) in. Active Transport (Inside lower flap) • Active Transport is the only kind of cell movement that REQUIRES energy to work. Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable (Use your other sheet of clean paper) Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable In landscape orientation again, fold your sheet of paper along the long edge leaving about 1cm (one finger width) at the bottom of the page Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Tonic Solution Concentration Write “Tonic Solution Concentration” at the bottom of the page (the 1cm section) Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Tonic Solution Concentration Open the page back up Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Tonic Solution Concentration Fold over 1/3 of the page ( the folded section is about equal length to the nonfolded section) and crease the top section to the middle line Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Tonic Solution Concentration Repeat on the other side, folding the edge to the first crease to make the 2nd crease Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Tonic Solution Concentration Cut along the blue dotted lines Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic Tonic Solution Concentration Label the outside flaps with “Hypertonic”, “Isotonic”, and “Hypotonic” Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Hypertonic description On page 211 in book Isontonic description On page 211 in book Hypotonic description On page 211 in book Tonic Solution Concentration You will use the descriptions to explain what's happening in the pictures from page 211 and the pictures from the same page on the next stlide Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Plant cell picture Plant cell picture Plant cell picture Animal cell picture Animal cell picture Animal cell picture Tonic Solution Concentration Divide the bottom sections into 2 parts for each section. One for plant cells one for animal (blood) cells. DO NOT MIX UP THE PICTURES WITH WRONG DESCRIPTIONS Types of osmotic solutions Hypotonic Solution • High water purity (lots of water molecules) & less solutes = water moves in & cell expands and may burst (Cytolysis) Isotonic Solution • Equal solutes & water molecules, so equal movement of water into and out of the cell Hypertonic Solution • Low water purity (few water molecules) because of more solutes = water moves out & cell shrinks (Plasmolysis) Cells in various solutions Copy this chart in your IAN Hypotonic LYSE Isotonic Hypertonic NORMAL animal PLASMOLYSIS Plant, fungus, algae, bacteria TURGID FLACCID Cells in hypotonic solution Cells in isotonic solution Cells in hypertonic solution