Transcript Cell Transport Photosynthesis & Respiration

Cell Transport
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Solutions
• Most substances move in and out of cells in a
water solution
• Solution – a liquid mixture of solute and
solvent
– Solute – something being dissolved
– Solvent – What it is being dissolved in
Cell membrane
• Semi-permeable
• Key structure in
maintaining
homeostasis in the
cell
• Homeostasis is the
balance a cell
maintains between its
internal and external
environments
Passive Transport
•
•
•
Does not require energy
Molecules move from a higher concentration
to a lower concentration
Three kinds:
1. Osmosis –Movement of water from an area of
high concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
2. Diffusion – molecules move directly through the
cell membrane
3. Facilitated Diffusion – Larger molecules need the
help of a carrier protein
• Hypertonic solution – has higher concentration
of solutes outside the cell, H2O moves out
• Isotonic – has equal amounts of solutes
• Hypotonic – has lower concentration of solute in
the cell, H2O moves in
Active Transport
• Moves against gradient (From low to high
concentration)
• Uses energy (ATP) and proteins
• Types:
– Endocytosis – uses vesicles to bring substances
into the cell
– Exocytosis – Uses vesicles to remove substances
from the cell
ATP (Energy Molecule)
Provides energy for all cellular
processes.
• Breaking the phosphate bond releases
energy
• Forming the phosphate bond stores
energy
The movement of
substances into and out of
a cell without the use of
energy is called:
A. Active transport
B. Passive transport
C. Exocytosis
D. Endocytosis
A cell placed in a solution
shrinks by the process of
osmosis. What kind of solution
is outside the cell?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Active
D. Isotonic
The movement of water across
a semi-permeable membrane
from an area of high water
concentration to an area of low
water concentration is called:
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Hypotonic
If the solution surrounding a cell
has a lower concentration of
solutes than inside the cell,
water will move into the cell
through osmosis, causing it to
expand. What kind of solution is
surrounding the cell?
A. Active
B. Passive
C. Hypertonic
D. Hypotonic
If a plant cell is placed in
distilled
water, it will:
A. Remain the same size
B. Shrink
C. Swell and eventually
explode
D. Swell, but stop when the
cell wall prevents further
expansion
When you perspire on a hot,
humid
day, drinking water will restore
______ in your body.
A. Substances
B. Oxygen
C. Homeostasis
D. Proteins
The ability of the cell to rid itself
of waste products is called:
• Excretion
• Elimination
• Voiding
• Absorption
When more water goes in through a
cell membrane than out of it, the
solution around the membrane is:
•
Isotonic
•
Hypotonic
•
Permeable
•
Hypertonic
Amoebas obtain food by wrapping
the cell membrane around the food
particle, creating a vesicle. The food
is then brought into the cell. This
process is called:
•
Exocytosis
•
Endocytosis
•
Osmosis
•
Photosynthesis
Cell Energy
• Photosynthesis and Respiration are
important processes in the formation of
ATP
• Glucose traps energy from sunlight and
using elements from the environment,
converts it into glucose which is a form of
chemical energy.
• Respiration breaks the glucose into ATP
which is the form of chemical energy that
the cell can use.
LIGHT
Photosynthesis
• Takes place in chloroplasts (plastid) Goal of
photosynthesis is to make complex
carbohydrates like glucose, starch, and
cellulose
• 2 stages:
– Light-dependant - on the thylakoid membrane
– Light-independent (Calvin cycle) – In the stroma
Cellular Respiration
• Process of breaking down food to get energy
– Used by plants animals and some bacteria
• 2 kinds:
– Aerobic
– Anaerobic
– when oxygen is present
– when oxygen is absent
Aerobic Respiration
• Aerobic respiration is the most efficient
process, 66% of energy is released from
glucose. (38 ATP)
• The mitochondria is the cell organelle
used in this process.
Anaerobic Respiration =
Fermentation
• Breakdown of sugar without oxygen
– Muscle cells, fungi and some bacteria
• Start with glycolysis and then either make
alcohol or lactic acid
• Produces the least amount of ATP, only 2 are
produced during glycolysis
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
• Plants, some algae,
bacteria
• Chloroplast
• Main product
– Glucose
• All organisms carry
on respiration
• Mitochondria
• Main product
– ATP
• Factors Effecting
• Factors Effecting
– Temperature
– pH
– Light intensity
– Oxygen levels
– pH
– Temperature
What form of energy is
used by cells?
A. Enzymes
B. Cofactors
C. ATP
D. DNA
The process of releasing
energy from the chemical
breakdown of compounds
in a cell is:
A. Hesitation
B. Expiration
C. Elimination
D. Respiration
What is released when ATP is
broken down into ADP and one
phosphate?
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Energy
D. Hydrogen
The Krebs cycle and the
electron transport chain phases
of cellular respiration take place
in which organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondrion
The process by which
energy from the sun is
used to create glucose
molecules is known as:
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Chemosynthesis
D. Fermentation
To obtain and use cellular
energy, plant cells use
which process below?
A. Photosynthesis only
B. Photosynthesis and cellular
respiration
C. Cellular respiration only
D. Chemosynthesis
Cellular respiration takes place
inside which type(s) of cell(s)?
• An animal cell only
• A plant cell only
• Both plant and animal cells
• Neither plant or animal cells
How is cellular energy
stored?
• Chemical bonds
• Enzymes
• Membrane potential
• Protein shapes
The chemical energy
supply for all living cells is
contained in a molecule
that,
when broken down,
releases
the energy so that it may be
used for activities such as
muscle contractions,
photosynthesis and
locomotion. Which molecule
is a storehouse of energy?
A. ATP
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. ADP