Transcript Aristotle--- was the first to place living things into categories

9 Weeks Test Review
Aristotle--- was the first to place
living things into categories
according to where they lived
and if they had “blood”
LINNAEUS
• Linnaeus--- the
“Father of
Taxonomy” He
came up with the
two word naming
system called
binomial
nomenclature
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
• Binomial
nomenclature---the
two word naming
system (Genus
species)
TAXONOMY
• Taxonomy – the
science of how
living things are
classified
YOU
• What is your scientific
name? Homo
sapiens
•
What does it
consist of? Genus
and species
•
How to write it
correctly?Homo
sapiens
LEVELS
• List the major levels
of classification from
highest/broadest to
lowest/most specific
• Domain-KingdomPhylum-ClassOrder-FamilyGenus-Species
• Dumb king phillip
chased old fat girl
scouts
DOMAINS
• 3 Domains and
characteristics of each
•
1Archaea –
unicellular organisms
that can live in harsh
conditions; Prokaryotes
•
2Bacteria –
unicellular organisms
that are also
Prokaryotes
•
3Eukarya –
unicellular and
multicellular Eukryotes
ANIMALS
• Characteristics of the
animal kingdom –
Animals are
multicellular – many
cells, heterotrophic
(eat food),
eukaryotes (have a
nucleus)
HYPOTHESIS
• Hypothesis – a
possible
explanation for a set
of observations or
answer to a
scientific question
• Will more
chocolate chips
make cookies taste
better?
Experiments
• Controlled experiment
- An experiment in
which only one
variable is
manipulated at a
time
Controlled Variable
• . Controlled Variable
– the variables that
are not changed in an
experiment
Operational Variable
• Operational Variable
– how to measure a
variable or define a
term.
Manipulated or Independent
Variable
• 3. Manipulated
Variable – the only
variable that is
changed in an
experiment – ex –
chocolate chips!
Responding Variable
• Responding Variable
– the factor that may
change as a result of
the manipulated
variable EX - TASTE
CLASSIFYING
• Classifying – placing
into groups based
on criteria
Observing
• Observation – using
your senses
Types of Observations
• Quantitative vs.
qualitative
observations –
numbers vs no
numbers
• THE ODDS & ENDS
KINGDOM
Cilia---Hairlike structures
Used for movement/locomotion by
some bacteria and protists
Pseudopods
• Pseudo pods---false
feet
•
Used for
movement/locomotion
by Amoebas
Flagella
• Flagellum--- long
whip like structures
•
Used for
movement by
Euglena
DNA
• What is found in
nucleus of cell? DNA
– the genetic
material
• Where is genetic
material of a bacteria
cell found? Loose in
the cytoplasm
Virus
• 5. Draw and label the
structure of a virus
- Viruses
How Viruses Multiply
•Active viruses enter cells and
immediately begin to multiply, leading to
the quick death of the invaded cells.
Virus
• How are viruses like
parasites?they harm
the host
Bacteria Shapes
• Shapes of Bacteria--spirilla (spiral),
Cocci (spherical),
and Bacilli (rodshaped)
Sexual Reproduction
• Draw and explain
conjugation Sexual
reproduction in
which genetic
material is
exchanged between
2 parents. The
offspring is more
genetically different
than those
produced by binary
fission
Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission
Asexual
reproduction in
which a cell splits
and the offspring is
identical to the
parent
Eukaryotic cells
• Animal Cells are
which type?
Eukaryotic cells
•
What is their outer
covering?cell
membrane
PRODUCER
• Producer – An
organism that is at
the base of the food
chain that makes
their own food. THE
PRODUCERS HAVE
THE MOST ENERGY
IN THE FOOD
PYRAMID AND
WEB!
Consumers
• Consumer – An
organism that
cannot make their
own food and must
eat producers or
other consumers
Definitions
• Prokaryotes – no true nucleus
• Eukaryotes – have a nucleus
• Autotrophs – make their food
(producers)
• Heterotrophs – eat food (consumers
Food Chain
• Food Chain – shows
the simple feeding
relationship in a
ecosystem
Food Web
• Food Web – the
pattern of overlapping
food chains in an
ecosystem
Energy Pyramid
• Energy Pyramid – a
diagram that shows
how energy moves
from one feeding level
to another in a food
web
Biology
• Biology – The study
of living things
CELLS
• Unicellular – one cell
• Multicellular – many
cells
Limiting Factor
• Limiting Factor any
environmental
factor that causes a
population to
decrease
•
Examplesfood,
water, living space,
weather
Biotic/Abiotic
• Biotic factor – living
things in the
ecosystem
•
Examples
animals, plants
• Abiotic factor –
nonliving part of an
ecosystme
•
Examples rocks,
water, sunlight
Levels of Organization
• Organism – one individual – ex one prairie
dog
• Population – the same species ex – all the
prairie dogs in an area
• Community – all the populations - ex – all
the dogs, rabbits, owls, etc
• Ecosystem – all the biotic and abiotic parts
ex – animals, plants, weather, sunlight, rain,
soil ex – desert ecosystem
Methods of Estimating
Populations
• Direct Observation –
counting
Indirect Observation
• Indirect observation –counting nests or
tracks
Sampling
• Sampling counting a small
area and multiplying
to get the large area
Mark & Recapture
• Mark & Recapture –
catching and
marking and
releasing and
recatching
Consumers
• Carnivore – meat
eater
• Herbivore plant eater
• Omnivore eats plants
and animals
Chloroplasts in Plant Cells
• Where does
photosynthesis take
place? In plant cells
– in the chloroplasts
•
What is the name
of the green
pigment?chlorophyll
Plant Types
• Vascular vs. nonvascular plants
Vascular plants
have a tube like
system for
transporting
materials and
nonvascular do not.
PHLOEM
• The tube in a vascular
plant used for
transporting food
Xylem
• The tube in a vascular
plant that is used for
the transporting of
water and minerals.
Stop!
• Dormancy – a period
when an organisms
growth or activity
stops
Germination
• When a plant begins
to push out of the
seed and grow
Water Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Parts of a SEED
Fruit
• The ripened ovary
POLLEN
• Pollen is produced by
seed plants and will
later become sperm
cells
Seed Dispersal
• By wind
• By Water
• By organisms