Transcript Slide 1
Welcome to a session Quick Recap….Hey! You know pretty well about these parts.. Getting Started….. Observe these pictures and answer 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify the plants. Name the parts which are taking part in vegetative reproduction. Is this process natural or artificial. Name some more plants which reproduce this way. Pair ‘n share Underground roots 1. Root Tubers Underground stems – 2. Bulbs 3. Rhizomes 4. Stolons 5. Runners 6. Bulbils (modified flowers) 7.Adventitious buds (Leaf) 8. Corms 9. Stem Tubers Grass Bryophyllum Dahlia Agave Mint Ginger Onion Gladiolus Strawberry Colocacia Potato Compare the two pictures … How is the first picture linked to the second one? Understanding Artificial Propagation Artificial vegetative propagation includes all the human developed methods of propagating and growing plants which are mainly of horticultural use. The focus is on ornamental, flower yielding and fruit yielding plants. Some common methods of Artificial propagation include : Cutting ( Stem cutting) Grafting Budding and Layering The latest techniques include Hybridization, Micropropagation, and Biotechnological methods Stem Cutting Removing a portion of the stem and fixing it in the soil/ water to allow the growth adventitious roots , further leading to the growth of buds into shoots. Plants propagated through cutting : Rose, Sugarcane, Crotons, China-rose, Drumstick, etc. In case of lemon and tamarind, even root cutting can yield a new plant. Adventitious Roots Grafting Joining a part (stem or bud) of a living plant to another causing it to grow as a part of the second plant. It is useful in inducing the special traits or characters of one plant into the other. Examples: Rose and fruit yielding plants like Mango, Guava, peaches etc Types of Grafting; •Scion Grafting •Bud Grafting Types of Grafting Scion Grafting (Cleft and Whip Grafting) Strong binding with disease shield and soft wax covering Bud Grafting Layering Forming of roots when a stem comes in contact with the ground , which further can be grow into an independent plant. Useful in developing fruit orchards in horticulture. Types of Layering: •Mound Layering •Aerial layering Types of Layering Mound Layering (Mango, Litchi, Jasmine, Grapevine) Aerial Layering (Oranges, Guava, litchi, etc) Adventitious roots Gootee Vegetative Propagation Vs Sexual propagation Vegetative Propagation Quick, less expensive Sexual Propagation (Through Flowers) And more certain method Slow , uncertain and less economical method Seedless plants like banana, grapes oranges and rose can be propagated. Seedless plants can not be propagated. Genetic characteristics of parental plants are retained and hence new varieties are not produced. Seeds are less resistant and viable Leads to overcrowding Genetic parental characteristics are not retained and hence new varieties are produced. Seeds ate strong and viable to environmental changes No over crowding due to seed and fruit dispersal Economic Importance Artificial vegetative propagation is a point of focus of the horticulturists and agricultural scientists. Two important ways : Increasing the number of desired variety of a plant through A. Natural and Artificial Vegetative Propagation. B. Micro propagation Evolving new varieties of plants through Hybridization, by A. Cross Pollination B. Somatic cell Hybridization. Hybridization Combining of characters of two parents of same species (Intraspecific) or of different species (Interspecific) in the new offspring . Plant Hybridization Methods – Cross Pollination (Natural) Somatic cell hybridization. Cross Pollination The transfer of pollen grains from anther of a flower of one plant to the stigma of another flower of another plant of same species. Ensures new varieties of plants to get good qualities of both the plants involved. Emasculation is one of the methods to avoid self pollination which involves removal of anthers (male parts of the flower) Somatic cell Hybridization The body cells of both the varieties are taken and their cell walls are removed by certain chemicals. (Protoplasts) Further the cells are fused (Heterokaryon) and cultured in controlled conditions to divide and produce plantlets. Can be handled in same or even different species. Example of different species – Wheat and Oat Wheat and Rye (Secale); Triticale Micropropagation Callus Embyroid Plantlets Micropropagation in banana Advantages & Limitations Provides rapid propagation of identical varieties. Best applied to interspecific hybrids. Useful in plants having dormant seeds. A productive technique to propagate superior varieties. Cannot be applicable in all cases and in remote agricultural areas. Growth of an Explant in the Nutrient medium Biotechnology The use of microorganisms or living cells in the industry and technology to produce various products such as foods, medicines etc. MethodsBy using natural microorganisms. By using genetically engineered microorganisms. Biotechnology (Natural Methods) Fermentation is the growth of microorganisms in their suitable conditions. This process is widely used to produced various products such as Cheese, Yoghurt, Vinegar, Vitamins and Alcoholic beverages. Genetic Engineering methods Also called “Recombinant DNA Technology” or “Cut and Paste” method. Helps to produce recombinant DNA , a cut ‘n pasted bacterial gene, which can duplicate with the desired gene inside. ApplicationsProduction of insulin to treat diabetes mellitus Production of erythroprotien Production of vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics and vaccines . Latest products are transgenics or GMOs (Genetically modified organisms) STOP !!! But why ??? Who am I? I am used in control of diabetes mellitus. We are widely present in your body to protect you against diseases. Doctors prescribe us to fight within a diseased body. We got administered in your body when you were a tiny tot. I am a process of respiration in certain microbes. Hey..This is Dahlia, remember you saw my roots earlier. Well, thank you for getting to learn about the way we are propagated. Note: You can download this ppt from the school website within one week.