Transcript Hazelnut shell lignin

Hazelnut shell lignin
Extraction
and
characterization
Ïu Azogue Coll
2nd PhD in Chemical Engineering
Summary
• Introduction about lignin
• Research objectives
• Results and conclusions about
investigation
What is lignin?
• Vegetable material
– Cellulose
– Hemicellulose
– LIGNIN
• Water removal from sugars to create
aromatic structures
• Functions
– Strength of wood
Where we can find?
• Lignin is an integral part of the secondary
cell walls (not all cells)
• The most abundant organic material on
earth after cellulose
• Most quantities of lignin
– Hard parts of plants (Fruit shells, trunk)
– Organic material from ground
Composition and structure
• Complex three-dimensional structure
– Quantity increase through plant life
– Intracellular growth
• Natural lignin composition and structure
are unknown
• Factors which affect composition
– Plant species
– Part of plant
Composition and structure
• Three principal monomers
– p-coumaryl alcohol
– Coniferyl alcohol
– Sinapyl alcohol
Natural and industrial sources
• Natural sources
– All vegetable material
• Industrial sources
– Pulping industry
Millions of tones are “produced” in paper
industry
Production
• Paper production
– Cellulose from vegetable material
– Lignin is strongly linked to cellulose
• Industrial pulping allow cellulose and lignin
separation
– Pulp: To produce paper
– Black liquor: Non-cellulose components
(Lignin)
Lignin: State of art
• Nowadays lignin is used as:
– Binder
– Dispersant
– Emulsifer
– Sequestrant
• Many researches are looking for new
viable applications
– EUROLIGNIN. European project to study
lignin properties, characterization, uses...
Research objectives
• Obtain optimal extraction conditions
– Extractor agent
– Temperature
– Time
• Characterization
– Functional groups
• Applications
– Chelating agent
Extraction methods. Pulping
• Pulping process reproduced in laboratory:
– Extractor agent (Soda, ethanol...)
– Black liquor is separated by centrifugation
• Acid-precipitation of lignin from black
liquor
• Lignin centrifugation and washing
Fiber + Extractor
agent solution
Lignin precipitation with acid
Liquid phase
Centrifuge
Autoclave
Wet lignin
Black liquor
Centrifuge
Delignificated
fiber
Dryer
Dry lignin
Characterization
• Principal polymer characteristic:
– Conformation
– Configuration
– FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
• Methods:
– Potentiometric
– Spectroscopic
Potentiometric method
• Lignin titration
– Obtaining of potentiometric curve
– Observe equivalent point
– Calculate functional group quantity
Spectroscopic method
• Different techniques
– Fourier Transform Infrared
– Ultraviolet
– Nuclear magnetic resonance
• Analyzing the spectra diagrams:
– Functional groups
– Comparison between different lignins
Applications
• Chelating agent
– Toxic metals complexation
Pb, Cr...
– Metal micronutrients complexation
Ni, Mg, Fe, Zn...
• Complexation curves
– Highest absorption
• Study optimal conditions
– pH
– Temperature
Results and conclusions
• Hazelnut lignin extraction depends mainly
of soda concentration in present
conditions
• Potentiometric titration require much
experimentation time but can be a good
characterization method
•That’s all!
• Thank you very much for
your attention
• If you want to ask
questions about
presentation this is the
moment (short moment I
hope...)
Potentiometric curve
Functional groups
Hydroxyl group
Carboxylic group
Phenolic hydroxyl
group
Lignin extraction
Lignin
extraction (%)
Extraction at 130ºC
45,0
40,0
35,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
6%
9%
60 min
30 min
12
15
NaOH concentration %