Transcript Plant Strategies - Green River Community College

PLANT STRATEGIES
I. Introduction
A. General Characteristics
1. Autotrophic
2. Multi-cellular
3. Tissue Level Organization
4. Store glucose as Starch
5. Main Pigments = Chlorophyll a and b
6. Use Cellulose and Lignin to Build Cell Walls
7. Practice Alternation of Generation
B. Moving onto Land
1. Advantages
a. More CO2
b. More stable source of minerals
c. More sun exposure
2. Disadvantages
b. Gravity issues
a. Less water
c. Reproductive issues
C. Adaptations
1. Root System
a. Structure/Types  Fibrous Or Adventitious
1. Root System
a. Structure/Types  Tap
1. Root System
a. Structure/Types  Prop
1. Root System
b. Function
2. Cell Walls
a. Structure
b. Function
3. Stomata
a. Structure
b. Function
4. Cuticle
a. Structure
b. Function
5. Central Vacuole
a. Structure
b. Function
II. Photosynthesis
A. Leaf Structures
1. Photosynthetic Structures
B. Light Capture
1. Chlorophyll
COH for b
2. Light Dependent Reactions
3. Steps
a. Light energy excites outer electrons in magnesium of
Photosystem I and II
b. Electrons from II are passed thru an electron transport chain
to convert the energy into ATP and the electrons end up in I
c. Electrons from I are passed thru an ETC and passed to NADP+
d. Electrons are stolen from the hydrogen in water to fill
electrons lost from II
e. Hydrogen is attracted to NADP (after getting electrons from I)
to form NADPH and lose oxygen to atmosphere via stomata
f. Repeat as long as ? is up
C. Carbon Fixation
1. “Dark” Dependent Reactions
2. Steps
a. Enzyme named Rubisco (an enzyme) adds 3CO2 to a
molecule called Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBp)
b. 6H (from NADPH) are added to the CO2 by first adding
energy to the CO2 by using 6ATP forming 6G3P
c. 1G3P is removed from the cycle and other 5G3P are used to
reform RuBp costing 3more ATP
d. Repeat as long as you have ? and ? available from the
light reactions
III. Problems & Solutions
A. Light Issues
1. Shade vs. Sun Tolerance
a. Light Compensation vs. Saturation point
1. Shade vs. Sun Tolerance
a. Light Compensation vs. Saturation point
b. Seedling Survivability
2. Solutions
a. Beta Carotenoid
B. Heat Issues
1. Transpiration
a. Movement of water through a plant vs. humidity
2. Temperature Problems
2. Temperature Problems
3. Photorespiration / Solutions
a. C3 Plants
Rice, Wheat, Soybean, & some Grasses
b. C4 Plants
b. C4 Plants Sugarcane, Corn, & other Grasses
c. CAM Plants
Cactus, Pineapple, & Succulents
Depth and desire can lead to ones goals.