Transcript ch. 5 renaissance & reformation

CH. 5 RENAISSANCE
& REFORMATION
Section 4 OBJ. – Discuss the
different forms of
Protestantism and reforms in
the Catholic Church.
I. John Calvin & Calvinism
A.
Christian unity was lost due to the signing of
the Peace of Augsburg. Huldrych Zwingli, a
priest in Zurich, Switzerland, started a new
Christian group. He forbade relics and pagan
images within the city. A new service that
consisted of scripture
reading, prayer,
and sermons
replaced Mass.
(1484 – 1531)
B.
C.
The Protestants in both Germany & Switzerland
sought an alliance for protection from the
Catholic Church. However, disagreements about
the Lord’s Supper kept it from happening. In
1531 Zwingli was killed during a battle between
the Catholics and Protestants in Switzerland.
John Calvin assumed the leadership of the
Protestant Church in Switzerland.
John Calvin, originally from France, fled to
Switzerland after converting to the Protestant
faith. He believed in predestination & placed an
emphasis on the “power, grace, and glory of God.
D.
E.
(1509 – 1564)
In 1536 he began to reform the
city of Geneva, Switzerland. He
created a church governing body
called the Consistory – which
enforced moral discipline. People
could be punished for “crimes”
such as gambling or dancing.
Calvin’s success in Geneva made
it the center of the Protestant
world. Missionaries who trained
in Geneva were sent throughout
the world. By the mid 1500’s
Calvinism was the largest
Protestant denomination.
II. REFORMATION IN ENGLAND
A.
B.
Politics, not religion, was the reason for the
Protestant Reformation in England. King
Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife b/c he
believed she was the reason for them not
having a son. The Pope would not annul his
marriage so Henry VIII turned to the courts.
The archbishop of Canterbury granted the
divorce. Henry would marry six times.
In 1534 the English Parliament established
the Act of Supremacy. This act separated
England’s Catholic Church from the Popes
authority. It stated that the king was the
supreme head of the new Church of England.
The king controlled religious doctrine, clerical
appointments. And discipline.
C.
Henry VIII dissolved
the monasteries and
sold the land and
possessions to the
wealthy. This act
provided him with
more money and
supporters. Despite
the breakaway, Henry
remained very close to
the Catholic teachings.
However, as time
passed they moved in
a more Protestant
direction.
(1491 – 1547)
The “6” wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
1509 – 1533
Divorced
Anne Boleyn
1533 – 1536
Beheaded
Jane Seymour
1536 - 1537
Died
Anne of Cleves
Jan. – July 1540
Divorced
Catherine Howard
1540 – 1542
Beheaded
Katherine Parr
1543 – 1547
Survived
E.
In 1553 Henry’s
daughter Mary
ascended to the
throne. She was a
devout Catholic and
wanted to return
England to Catholicism.
She persecuted the
Protestants and had
nearly 500 burned at
the stake. Many
people resented her,
and by the end of her
reign England was
more protestant than
before. She was given
the name “BLOODY
MARY”.
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(1516 – 1558)
Daughter of
Catherine of Aragon
QUEEN ELIZABETH I
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Elizabeth, the
daughter of Anne
Boleyn, became
queen of England
after “Bloody Mary”
died.
During her reign
William Shakespeare,
Sir Francis Drake,
& Sir Walter Raleigh
prospered. She was
a Protestant and had
the overwhelming
support of the
people.
(1533 – 1603)
Q. & A.
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What is Predestination?
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Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea?
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Why did Henry VIII marry so many times?
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Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland?
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Who was William Shakespeare?
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Who was Sir Francis Drake?
III. The ANABAPTISTS
A.
During the 16th century a radical new
Protestant group developed. The “Anabaptists”
rejected most of the Catholic & some of the
early Protestant teachings. Because of their
teachings and practices both Catholics and
Protestants persecuted them.
B.
The Anabaptists practiced adult baptism instead
of baptizing infants. To them the true Christian
Church was a voluntary community of believers
who experienced spiritual rebirth. No other
denomination preached this belief.
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Anabaptist
originated in the
following European
countries:
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Descending
Protestant
denominations
include:
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Switzerland
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Amish
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Germany
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Quakers
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Austria
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Mennonites
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Netherlands
Other Anabaptists Beliefs
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Believed all Christians were equal.
Any community member could be a minister b/c all
Christians were considered priests. However
women were often excluded.
The complete separation of church & state. They
would not hold office & did not believe the gov.
had any authority over Christians.
Did not bear arms – possess or carry weapons
Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus.
Believed once you were baptized you were not
capable of committing a sin.
Women’s role during the Protestant
Reformation
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During the reformation Protestants
developed a new view of the family.
Protestants did not believe in celibacy
and placed the family at the center of
their lives.
They did however continue the traditional
subservience and obedience of the wife.
They felt the woman’s role was to bear
children and maintain the house.
Protestantism did not change women’s
subordinate place in society.
IV. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION
A. During the mid 16th century the
Catholic Church became concerned
over the spread of Protestantism.
Pope Paul III & the Church took
strides in reforming the Church from
within. 3 major changes included the
Jesuits, Council of Trent, and reforms
in the papacy.
B.
The Jesuits, AKA – Society of Jesus, was
founded by Ignatius of Loyola – a Spanish
nobleman in 1540. their goal was to convert
people back to Catholicism. They opened
schools with well trained and educated
members working within them. They were
successful in restoring Catholicism to parts
of Germany and Eastern Europe. They also
spread it to other parts of the world (Asia,
Africa, S. America).
C.
D.
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Ignatius of Loyola
(1491 – 1556)
Pope Paul III appointed a
reform commission in 1537 b/c
he felt the papacy needed to
be reformed. The commission
determined the Church ill’s and
proposed ideas to fix the
problems
In 1545 a group of cardinals,
archbishops, abbots and
theologians met in Trent for 18
years. This group was known
as the Council of Trent. The
council reaffirmed traditional
Catholic teachings and
opposed Protestant beliefs.
Decisions made by the Council of Trent
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Both faith & good works are needed in order
to achieve salvation.
The seven sacraments, view of communion
(Eucharist), and clerical celibacy were
upheld.
Belief of purgatory was strengthened
Maintained the use of indulgences but forbid
the selling of them.
Because of the council the Roman Catholic
Church had a renewed spirit of confidence.
Q. & A.
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What does Protestant mean?
Why did the Catholic Church start a
reformation of their own?
What is a reformation?
Why did very little change for women during
the Protestant Reformation?
Why were the Anabaptists viewed as radical and
persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants?
Where did they run to?
HOMEWORK ACTIVITY
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Finish any Questions not completed from
the Q. & A.
Create a chart & compare and contrast
Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and
the Church of England. Tell which one most
closely resembles the Catholic faith and why.
Which one least resembles the Catholic faith
and why.