Transcript Harmful Effects and Emergency Response

Harmful Effects and
Emergency Response
Poisoned: harm to internal organs
Injuries: harm due to external
irritants
Hazard is the risk of harmful
effects from pesticides
Harmful Effects and
Emergency Response
Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure
EXPOSURE

When pesticide comes into contact with a
surface or organism
EXPOSURE
Headache
 Nausea
 Dizzy
 Twitching

EXPOSURE
Oral - swallowing
 not washing hands (eating and drinking)
 direct mouth contact
 food and drink contamination
EXPOSURE
Inhalation - breathing
 poor ventilation
 breathing fumes without
respirator
 mixing and application
EXPOSURE
Ocular - eye
 splashing during mixing
 no eye protection
 windy conditions
EXPOSURE
Dermal - skin
 most likely exposure
 improper protection
 splashing during mixing
EXPOSURE
Dermal - skin
Amount absorbed by skin
determined by
Pesticide and formulation
 EC and oil-based absorbed most readily
 dry absorbed the least
Amount absorbed by skin
determined by
Area of exposure
 genital area is the highest
 also the scalp, ear canal
and forehead
Amount absorbed by skin
determined by
Condition of skin
 cuts, abrasions, and rashes increase
absorption
 sweaty skin is increased
TOXICITY

the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful
effects
HARMFUL EFFECTS
Acute effects
 injuries that appear
immediately after exposure

<24 hours
main way to assess
pesticides toxicity
 effects may burn or be
absorbed into system

HARMFUL EFFECTS
Delayed effects
 Do not appear immediately (>24 hours)
Several years
 Repeated
 Single exposure - a large exposure that may
take several days to affect

HARMFUL EFFECTS
Delayed effects
 chronic effects - several
years


tumors, cancer, or
mutagenic effects
developmental and
reproductive effects

birth defects, infertility or
impotence
HARMFUL EFFECTS
Delayed effects
 systemic effects

blood, nervous, lung, liver or
kidney disorders
HARMFUL EFFECTS
Allergic effects
 harmful effects that some people develop
that others do not

Sensitization
first exposure, no reaction
 second exposure, allergic response

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS
Symptoms - nausea or headache (feel)
 Signs - vomiting or fainting (see)

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS
External irritants - skin reactions,
swelling, redness, etc.
 Poisoning - chest pains, breathing,
cramps, nausea, etc.

FIRST AID
Skin
 drench skin with water
 remove clothing and equipment
 wash with mild liquid detergent
 dry and protect from overheating
and chilling
 cover area, but do NOT apply
ointment
FIRST AID
Eye
 flush eyes for 15 minutes or more
FIRST AID
Inhalation
 get fresh air
 loosen clothing
FIRST AID
Swallowed
 rinse mouth with water (very first step)
 Then, follow label

quart of milk or water
FIRST AID
Swallowed
 induce vomiting if instructed
 DO NOT vomit if:
unconscious or in convulsions
 corrosive poisoning
 EC, death if inhaled

HEAT STRESS
often due to PPE limiting the ability to cool
 take seriously, 10% of cases are fatal
 heat cramps result from loss of body salt
through heavy sweating

HEAT STRESS
Symptoms
 fatigue
 dizziness
 confusion
HEAT STRESS
First aid
 get to cool area
 cool skin with water and fans

no ice bath
remove clothing
 drink lots of water

HAZARD COMMUNICATION
STANDARD (HCS)
list all hazardous chemicals in workplace
 MSDS, material safety data sheets
 all containers labeled
 provide adequate training

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH ACT (OSHA)
OSHA investigates operations and
complaints
 administered by U.S. Department of Labor
 requires employers must keep records of
all work-related injuries
