Transcript Gods 2012 Greek gods ppt[1] handout

Greek and Roman Mythology
A Review of
The Principal Gods and Goddesses
What is a myth?
A ______________ story rooted in
primitive folk beliefs of ____________
Uses the _____________ to interpret
natural events
Explains the culture’s view of the
_____________________ and the
nature of ____________________
1
In the beginning...
• …was ____________ (shapeless nothingness)
• Chaos had two children:_________________
(darkness) ___________________ (death)
• “All was black, empty, ___________, endless.”
• Mysteriously, ______________ was born of
darkness and death.
• When Love was born, order and ___________
began to flourish.Love created ____________
and __________. ____________ was created.
– She was the solid ground, but also a personality.
• The Earth bore __________________ to cover
2
her and be a home for the gods.
The First Parents and Titans
• Mother Earth = ______________ (Gaia)
• Father Heaven = ____________ (Uranus)
• They had three kinds of children:
– ____________ monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads
– ______________ cyclopes and The ______________
• These were the first characters that had the appearance of life, although it
was unlike any life known to man. There were many of them.
•
•
•
•
•
Enormous size, _____________ strength
______________ (Saturn): Ruler of the titans
______________: Wife of Cronos
Ocean: River that _________________ the world
Iapetus: _________________ of Prometheus,
Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans)
3
The Principal Gods
• Cronos and Rhea
were parents of
– ______________
(Jupiter, Jove)
– ______________
(Neptune)
– __________ (Pluto)
– __________ (Juno)
– _______________
(Vesta)
– _______________
(Ceres)
• Other Olympians include
– Athena (Minerva)
– Ares (Mars)
– Hebe (Juventas)
– Hephaestus
(Vulcan)
– Apollo (Apollo)
– Artemis (Diana)
– Hermes (Mercury)
– Aphrodite (Venus)
– Dionysus(Bacchus)
4
– Persephone
______________
• Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove)
• Supreme god of the ____________,
Mt. Olympus, ____________, and
______________
• ____________ many characters in
mythology: Dionysus, Apollo,
Artemis, Athena, Persephone, Ares,
Hermes, Aphrodite (in some myths),
Hercules, Perseus, and many more.
5
Zeus, cont.
Zeus is married to his sister, _______________. Their
marriage is horrible—Zeus cheats on her with
practically every female: goddess and human alike.
In fact, with a nod to symbolism, Zeus and Hera's only
child is ___________: War: Their union could only
have created something as despicable and unlovable
as war.
6
Zeus is powerful, but even he can't outsmart
_________________. Get the message for us lowly
mortals?
Some famous stories where Zeus plays a staring role:
Birth of ____________________: from out of the top
of his head.
Father of __________________: He approves of
Hades' actions
Bauchis and Philemon: rewards selfless
______________________
Pushes the Judgement of the beauty contest on
Paris
Io, Europa, Danae, Semele, Alcmene, Leda, sister
Demeter (among others) were all ________________
7
of Zeus' love
• Zeus's weapon was the _________________
• He valued the idea of ___________________,
or hospitality for those in need
• He, ______________________, punished oath
breakers
• His bird was the ________________ (which he
used to punish poor Prometheus)
Hera
• Roman Name: ______________
• Zeus’s sister and wife
• Jealous protector of _________________
• Punished the __________________ Zeus fell in
love with
8
•
•
•
•
•
_________
_
Roman Name: Neptune
God of the ________ and ________
“The Earthshaker”
His weapon is the ____________
Fathered the ____________
Polyphemus
• Thought of as a _______________ god
by the Greeks
• Punished Odysseus'
________________ for 10 years
9
__________
•
•
•
•
Roman Name: ____________
God of the __________________/ Dead
Not _________________ in Olympus
Kidnapped and married his _____________,
Persephone
• Thought of as __________________ god
because of the precious metals and gems in
the center of the earth and because he takes
the precious resource of our loved ones
away from us (__________________ comes
10
from his name)
________
• Roman Name: Vesta
• Virgin Goddess of ________________ and
______________: all things warm and
wonderful about family life
• She's one of the most ______________ dieties
in everyday Greek life
• No exciting stories about her ______________
antics
• Powerful Protector
11
__________
•
•
•
•
•
Roman Name: Ceres
Goddess of the ____________
A Goddess of the Earth
Mother of Persephone
When ___________ is taken away to
underworld she suffers so much that she
neglects her duties and no crops will
grow on earth: ___________ and Winter
• When she comes back up in Spring: all is
right again.
12
____________
• Roman Name: Minerva
• Virgin Goddess of ________________ and
War
• Sprang from Zeus’s head because he had
___________________ her mother for fear
that she would give birth to a son who would
____________________ him.
• Her symbol is her ____________________
• She loves all things _________________ and
Odysseus
13
_____________
•
•
•
•
•
Roman Name: Mars
God of _________________
Only __________________ of Zeus and Hera
Bloodthirsty and ___________________
Nobody except __________________ can
stand him (interpret symbolism here)
• Only companions are ______________ and
___________________-- figure!
14
•
•
•
•
____________
Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber)
God of ______________/_______________
Son of Hera ___________________
Only _____________________ god, read
symbolism here: Woman's attempt at creation
without a man: lame. Get it?
• Kind, unlike his half-brother
• Ironically, marries _________________ in
some myths
• Creator of Achille's famous _______________
15
__________
• Roman Name: Apollo
• God of ______________/______________ and
______________ (lyre is his instrument)
• The Light thing is big, read symbolism, light,
vision, knowledge, understanding,
enlightenment. He was the boss of the
_________________ at Delphi and elsewhere.
• Brother of Artemis (________________)
• “Blessed” ________________ (Paris' sister)
with the “vision,” but when she wouldn't “play
ball,” he added the curse that she wouldn't be
16
_______________________.
____________
• Roman Name: Diana
• Virgin Goddess of the _____________/
______________
• Sister to Apollo (Twins)
• Patron Goddess for _______________ who
were pursued by men they didn't desire—she
usually helped them turn into trees or lakes
or something
• Held up the ________________ on their way
to Troy over some
17
_______________________
____________
• Roman Name: __________________
• _______________ of the Gods (especially
Zeus—news he doesn't want to deliver himself)
• Appears in more myths than any other
character
• Famous for his ________________ sandals,
_____________, and _______________
• Helps Odysseus w/Circe, Jason w/Medusa, etc.
• Also likes to make messes—analogy--the
“Jack” of “Jack and Karen” from Will and Grace.
18
___________
•
•
•
•
•
Roman Name: __________
Goddess of Passionate Love and _________
Sprang from the ocean foam, in some myths
Magic __________ that makes her irresistable
Won the Judgment of ____________:
_________ Apple for the ______________
• Trouble, ___________, __________, excitement
(read symbolism) follow her wherever she goes.
She is the “Karen” of the “Jack and Karen” of19Wil
and Grace.
_____________
• Roman Name: _______________
• God of ___________________
• Patron god of the Greek
_______________
• A God of the Earth
Persephone
• Roman Name: Proserpina
• Goddess of the Underworld
• Daughter of Zeus and Demeter
• Abducted by Hades
20
Hebe
Eros
• Roman Name:
• Roman Name:
_____________
_____________
• Goddess of
• Young God of Love
_____________ • Son of
• Cupbearer to the ______________
and Hephaestus
Gods
• Restored youth
to the aged
21
Iris • Goddess of the _______________
• Messenger for Zeus and ________
• Daughter of the _______________
Thaumus and the nymph Electra
The Muses
• Goddesses who
• _______________ presided over the
daughters of Zeus
_______________
and Mnemosyne
and sciences
• Inspired ________ • “He is ___________
of all kinds
whom the muses
love.”
22
The Graces
• Three Goddesses
of ____________
and Beauty
• “They give life its
bloom.”
• Aglaia (Splendor)
• Euphrosyne
(Mirth)
• Thalia (Good
Cheer)
The Erinnyes
(The Furies)
• Roman Name: Furiae
or Dirae
• Three Goddesses of
_________________
– Tisiphone (Avenger)
– Alecto (Unresting)
– Megaera (Jealous)
• They punish
___________________
23
The Fates
The Satyrs
• Roman Name: Parcae • Gods of the woods
and ____________
• _____________
sisters
• “Shepherd gods”
– Clotho (“The Spinner”)
– Lachesis (“The
disposer of lots”)
– Atropos (“The cutter”)
They
_________________,
measure, and
__________ the thread
of life for humans.
• ___________ men
(like Pan)
• Companions of
Dionysus
• They like to drink,
dance, and chase
nymphs.
24
The Gorgons
• ____________
snake-haired
monsters
• _____________ is
most well-known
• Their look turns
men to stone.
The Centaurs
• Half man, half
____________
• ____________
creatures
(except Chiron)
• Followers of
_____________
25