Transcript Mythology

Mythology
The Major Players
& Places
Cronus
• Cronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by
harming his Father Uranus.
• His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first
of the Olympians.
• To insure his safety, Cronus ate each of the
children as they were born.
• This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her
children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock,
instead of Zeus.
• When he grew up Zeus would revolt against
Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and
banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.
Zeus
(Jupiter)
• Zeus overthew his Father Cronus.
• He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and
Hades. Zeus won the draw and became the
supreme ruler of the gods.
• He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a
thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease
him.
• He is married to Hera but is famous for his many
affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or
break oaths.
Poseidon
(Neptune)
• Poseidon is the brother of Zeus.
• He became lord of the sea.
• His weapon is a trident, which can shake the
earth, and shatter any object.
• He is second only to Zeus in power amongst
the gods.
• He has a difficult quarrelsome personality.
Hades
(Pluto)
• Hades is the brother of Zeus.
• He was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the
dead.
• He is a greedy god who is greatly concerned with
increasing his subjects and rarely allows any of his
subjects leave.
• He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious
metals mined from the earth. He has a helmet that
makes him invisible.
• His wife is Persephone whom he abducted. He is
the King of the dead but death itself is another
god, Thanatos.
Hestia
(Vesta)
• Hestia is Zeus’s sister.
• She is the Goddess of the Hearth, the
symbol of the house around which a new
born child is carried before it is received into
the family.
• Each city had a public hearth sacred to
Hestia, where the fire was never allowed to
go out.
Hera
(Juno)
• Hera is Zeus’s wife and sister.
• She is the protector of marriage and takes
special care of married women.
• Most stories concerning Hera have to do
with her jealous revenge for Zeus's
infidelities.
• Her sacred animals are the cow and the
peacock. Her favorite city is Argos.
Ares
(Mars)
• Ares is the son of Zeus and Hera. He was
disliked by both parents.
• He is the god of war. He is considered
murderous and bloodstained but also a
coward.
• His bird is the vulture. His animal is the dog.
Athena
(Minerva)
• Athena is the daughter of Zeus.
• She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead,
thus has no mother.
• She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and
agriculture.
• She is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and
purity.
• She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to
use his weapons including his thunderbolt.
• Her favorite city is Athens. Her tree is the olive.
The owl is her bird.
Apollo
(Apollo)
• Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto.
• His twin sister is Artemis.
• He is the god of music, healing, light, and truth.
• One of Apollo's more important daily tasks is to
harness his chariot with four horses and drive the
Sun across the sky.
• He is famous for his oracle at Delphi. People
traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine
the future.
• His tree was the laurel and the dolphin was his
animal.
Artemis
(Diana)
• Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Leto.
Her twin brother is Apollo.
• She is the goddess of the hunt and the
protector of the young.
• She is also the goddess of chastity.
• The cypress is her tree. All wild animals are
sacred to her, especially the deer.
Aphrodite
(Venus)
• Aphrodite is the goddess of love, desire,
and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts
she has a magical girdle that compels anyone
she wishes to desire her.
• She is the wife of Hephaestus.
• The myrtle is her tree. The dove, the swan,
and the sparrow her birds.
Hermes
(Mercury)
• Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia.
• He is Zeus’s messenger and is the fastest
of the gods.
• He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and
carries a magic wand.
• He is the god of thieves and god of
commerce and serves as the guide for the
dead to go to the underworld.
Hephaestus
(Vulcan)
• Hephaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera.
• He is the only god to be physically ugly, and
he is also lame.
• He is the god of fire and the forge. He is
the smith and armorer of the gods.
• He is the patron god of both smiths and
weavers.
• He is kind and peace loving. His wife is
Aphrodite.
Demeter
(Ceres)
• Demeter is the godess of corn, grain, and the
harvest. She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea.
It is Demeter that makes the crops grow each year.
• Demeter is intimately associated with the seasons.
Her daughter, Persephone, is forced to spend part
of the year in Hades, and during these months
Demeter grieves her daughter’s absence and
withdraws her gifts from the world, creating winter.
Spring marks her daughter’s return.
Persephone
(Proserpina)
• Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and
Demeter.
• After her abduction by Hades, she became
his wife and Queen of the underworld.
• Her return to Earth is celebrated with new
life, making her the goddess of Spring.
Eros
(Cupid)
• Eros is the son of Aphrodite.
• He is the god of romantic love.
• He is often represented blindfolded
because love is often blind.
• His "weapons" are darts or arrows. In either
case the tips have been magically treated to
produce either uncontrollable love or
insurmountable disinterest in the first person
seen by Eros's victim after wounding.
Pan
(Faunus)
• Pan is the son of Hermes and is the god of
goatherds and shepherds.
• He is mostly human in appearance but has goat
horns and goat feet.
• He is an excellent musician and plays the pipes. He
is merry and playful frequently seen dancing with
woodland nymphs.
• He is always in pursuit of one of the nymphs but is
always rejected because he is ugly.
• His name is the basis for the word "panic.”
Dionysus
(Bacchus)
• Dionysus is the god of wine and inspiration.
• He was born a mortal, but Zeus granted him
immortality when he invented wine.
• His annual festival in Athens was a literary
contest at which many great Greek tragedies
and comedies were first performed.
Monsters and Strange Creatures
• The Furies: three avenging spirits
controlled by Hades. They had bat
wings, fiery whips, and are often depicted
with bleeding eyes, snake hair, and the
heads of dogs. They were usually sent to
punish the living by driving them mad
• Harpies: wild, unruly bird-winged maidens
who carried people to the underworld
• Cerberus: three-headed dog who guarded
the entrance to the underworld . He would
permit spirits to enter, but he would not allow
any to leave.
• Charon: the ferryman of the dead
• Chiron: immortal centaur who trained many
heroes, including Hercules
• Satyrs: half-man & half goat hybrids who
were often companions of Dionysus
• Centaurs: half-man & half-horse hybrids who
were often wild, barbaric creatures
• Medusa: One of the three Gorgon sisters,
she was once a beautiful maiden who was
punished by Athena for defiling Athena’s
temple. Her hair consists of live snakes, and
one look in her eyes turns men to stone.
• Minotaur: half-man & half-bull hybrid that
King Minos locked away in the Labyrinth.
Each year, 7 young men and 7 young women
from Athens were sacrificed to the Minotaur.
The Major Places
• Mount Olympus, which towers up from the center of
the earth. Here the major gods live and hold court.
• The Underworld is hidden in the earth. It is the
kingdom of the dead and ruled over by Hades.
– Geographically, the underworld is surrounded by a
series of rivers: The Acheron (Woe), The Cocytus
(Lamentation), The Phlegethon (Fire), The Styx
(Unbreakable oath), and The Lethe (Forgetfulness).
Once across the river, a gate, guarded by Cerberus, a
three- headed dog, forms the entrance to the kingdom.
• Tartarus lies far deeper than Hades. It is used as the
ultimate of prisons, unpleasant and inaccessible.