Transcript The Gods
THE GODS By: Allie Mahai and Katja Smeltzer THE LESSER GODS EROS (CUPID)-GOD OF LOVE Gives good gifts to humans. Often represented as blindfolded. THE GRACES Aglaia (Splendor) Euphrosyne (Mirth) Thalia (Good cheer) THE MUSES Clio-History Urania-Astronomy Melpomene-Tragedy Thalia-Comedy Terpsichone-Dance Calliope-Epic poetry Erato-Love poetry Polyhymnia-Songs THE FATES Give men their good and evil at birth Clotho (Spinner) Lachesis (Disposer of Lots) Atropos (Cut the Thread at Death) WATER GODS Triton-Trumpeter of the sea Naiads-water nymphs THE TITANS AND THE 12 OLYMPIANS TITANS Ocean(river supposed to encircle Earth) Tethys(wife of Ocean) Hyperion(the father of the Sun) Mnemoyne(memory) Themis(Justice) Lapetus(Importance becaue of sons) Atlas(carried world on shoulders) Prometheus(savior of mankind) ZEUS & HERA Zeus (Jupiter) Drew lots for share of universe Became God of gods Lord of sky, rain, and clouds Can’t be taken down but can be opposed/deceived Fate stronger Falls in love over and over Personality made by combining many gods • Hera (Juno) Jealous Wife + Sister of Zeus Protector of marriage Punished women Zeus fell in love with Trojan war could have ended in peace Cow and Peacock sacred to her Favorite city: Argos POSEIDON & ATHENA Poseidon (Neptune) God of the sea Zeus’s brother Wife: Amphitrite Gave first horse to man Control over storm (winds/waters) Nickname “Earthshaker” Carried Trident Sacred Animals: Horse and Bull • Pallas Athena (Minerva) • • • • • • Goddess of wisdom, battle, and civilization Sprang from Zeus’s head as an adult in armor/Zeus’s favorite Protects state/home/civilization/ handicrafts/agriculture Parthenon Olive Athens APOLLO & ARTEMIS Phoebus Apollo God of music and archery Son of Zeus and Leto Most Greek of all gods Master musician/Lyre Archer-god Taught men the healing art God of light and truth Tree: Laurel Animals: Dolphin and Crow Artemis(Diana) Goddess of the hunt Protector of the youth Apollo’s twin sister Daughter of Zeus & Leto Lady of wild things Huntsman-in-chief to the gods Sacred: Cypress, wild animals Animal: Deer APHRODITE & HERMES Aphrodite (Venus) Goddess of love and beauty Daughter of Zeus and Dione/sprung from seafoam Wife of Hephaestus Tree: Myrtle Bird: Dove, sometimes swan Hermes (Mercury) Messenger God Son of Zeus and Maia Winged sandals and hat, wand Zeus’s messenger Shrewd and cunning Master thief Guide for the dead HEPHAESTUS & HESTIA Hephaestus(Vulcan) God of fire Son of Zeus and Hera/ Hera alone Only ugly/lame immortal Cast out of heaven Amorer/Smith of Immortals Kindly, Peace-loving god Hestia(Vesta) Virgin goddess, no distinct personality Goddess of the Hearth Zeus’s sister Cities had a public Hearth Newborns walked around hearth ARES (MARS) God of war Son of Zeus and Hera Murderous and bloodstained Coward when wounded Men “rush to glorious death” Bird: Vulture Animal: Dog HADES & PERSEPHONE Hades(Pluto) God of the underworld & wealth 3rd brother of Zeus Cap of invisibility Terrible, but not evil Stole &Imprisoned Persephone Persephone (Proserpina) Goddess of the harvest Daughter of Demeter Stolen and Imprisoned by Hades ANALOGY Neptune- King Neptune in Spongebob Triton- Ariel’s dad in The Little Mermaid THE UNDERWORLD Ruled by Hades Erebus and Tartarus Charon ferries souls of the dead over the River Styx (money) Cerebus: 3-headed, dragon-tailed dog who permits all spirits to enter, but none to return. Rhadamanthus, Minos, Aeacus Furies punish evildoers Sleep and Death also reside there Phlegethon (fire), River Styx, Lethe (forgetfulness) Manes-good spirits, Lemures-wicked (Roman) LESSER GODS/CREATURES OF THE EARTH Pan: Son of Hermes, Father of Silenus, noisy and merry (goatherd’s/shepherd’s god) Silenus: Son of Pan/Brother of Hermes (fat, drunk) Sileni: Part man, part horse (two legs) Satyrs: Goat men Dryads: Tree/mountain nymphs Centaurs: Half man, half horse, savage (Chiron) Sirens: Enchanting voices, led sailors to their death HIGHER-LEVEL QUESTIONS Do you think Zeus/Hera’s general actions are justified? Who do you think in the right? Discuss the similarities and differences between the gods and heroes/mortals. How would you describe Hades? As the “bad guy” or merely an opponent for Zeus?