Transcript Section 1-2 Matter and Its Properties

Bell-ringer
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
Think critically. We say that everything has
mass. Name some ways we can prove that air
has mass.
Which is heavier, a pound of feathers, or a pound
of lead?
Section 1-2
Matter and Its
Properties
Coach Kelsoe
Chemistry
Pages 6–14
Matter and Its Properties
Matter is defined as anything that has mass
and takes up space.
 Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in
an object.
 Volume is the amount of three-dimensional
space an object takes up.
 Matter comes in many different forms.
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Basic Building Blocks of Matter
The basic building blocks of matter are
atoms and molecules.
 An atom is the smallest unit of an element
that maintains the properties of that element.
 An element is a pure substance made up of
only one kind of atom.
 A compound is a substance that is made
from the atoms of two or more elements that
are chemically bonded.
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Basic Building Blocks of Matter
A molecule is the smallest unit of an
element or compound that retains all the
properties of that element or compound.
 Think of it like Play-Doh.
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Atom, Element, Compound, or ATA
Hydrogen?
 Carbon dioxide?
 Pure gold?
 Water?
 Carbon?
 Glucose (C6H12O6)?
 Calcium?
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Properties and Changes in Matter
Every substance has characteristic properties.
 Properties can help reveal the identity of an
unknown substance.
 There are two types of properties:
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 Extensive-
depend on the amount of matter that
is present; volume, mass and amount of energy
 Intensive- do not depend on the amount of
matter present; melting point, boiling point,
density, and conductivity of electricity and heat.
Bell-Ringer
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Identify the following as an element or
compound:
 Sulfur
dioxide
 Radium
 Carbon sulfate
 Einsteinium
 Antimony
 Phosphoric acid
Physical Properties and Physical
Changes
A physical property is a characteristic that
can be observed without changing the identity
of a substance; examples include density,
color, taste, hardness, melting and boiling
points
 A change in a substance that does not involve
a change in the identity of it is a physical
change. Examples include grinding, cutting,
melting, and boiling a material.
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Changes of State
Melting and boiling are part of an important
class of physical changes called changes of
state.
 A change of state is a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
 The three common states of matter are solids,
liquids, and gases.
 There is a fourth state that is less common,
called plasma.
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States of Matter
Matter in the solid state has definite volume
and definite shape; example: rocks, glass
 Matter in the liquid state has a definite
volume, but no definite shape; example: water
 Matter in the gas state has no definite volume
or definite shape; example: helium, oxygen
 Plasma is a high temperature physical state
of matter in which atoms lose their electrons;
example: fluorescent light bulb
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Changes of State
Solid
Melting
Freezing
Liquid
Evaporation
Condensation
Gas
Bell-ringer
What is a physical property? Give an
example.
 What is a physical change? Give an
example.
 What do we call the changes from solids to
liquids, liquids to gases, and vice versa?
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Bell-ringer
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Identify whether the following substances
are elements or compounds.
 Butane
 Radon
 Chlorofluorocarbon
 Nitric
acid
 Zinc
 Lime
 Phosphorus
Chemical Properties and Chemical
Changes
A chemical property relates to a substance’s
ability to undergo changes that transform it
into different substances. An example would
be the ability of charcoal to burn in air to form
carbon dioxide, and iron rusting to form iron
oxide.
 A chemical change is a change in which one
or more substances are converted into
different substances.
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Chemical Properties and Chemical
Changes
A chemical change is also known as a
chemical reaction.
 The substances that react in a chemical
change are called the reactants.
 The substances that are formed by the
chemical change are called the products.
 In burning charcoal (carbon), the carbon
mixes with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
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Burning Charcoal
Technically, we say that “carbon plus oxygen
yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.”
But…
We can write it like this:
Carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide
Energy and Changes of Matter
Any time physical or chemical changes occur,
energy is always involved. It can take many
different forms, like heat or light.
 Even though energy can be absorbed or
released in a change, it is not created or
destroyed. It just turns into a different form.
 The amount of energy on Earth does not
change!
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Classification of Matter
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All matter can be classified into one of two
groups:
 Pure
substances
 Mixtures
A pure substance has a composition that is
the same (or uniform) throughout.
 A mixture contains more than one substance.
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Mixtures
A mixture can usually be separated by
different means.
 A homogeneous mixture has a uniform
composition. “Homo” means “same.”
 Sometimes homogeneous mixtures are called
solutions.
 A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform
throughout. “Hetero” means “different.”
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Bell-ringer
What is chemistry?
 How many main branches of chemistry are
there?
 What type of research is considered to be
done for knowledge only, usually due to
curiosity?
 Don’t forget the lab quiz tomorrow!!!
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Separating Mixtures
There are several ways to separate mixtures:
 Filtration
 Distillation
 Crystallization
 Magnetization
 Chromatography
 Others
Pure substances
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A pure substance is different from a mixture in
two ways:
 Every
sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same characteristic properties.
 Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same composition.
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Pure substances are either compounds or
elements.
Matter
Can it be separated?
Yes
Mixtures
Is the composition
uniform?
Yes
Homogeneous
Mixtures
(air, sugar in water,
stainless steel)
No
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
(granite, wood,
blood)
No
Pure Substances
Can it be decomposed
by ordinary chemical
means?
Yes
Compounds
(water, sodium,
chloride, sucrose)
No
Elements
(gold, aluminum,
oxygen, chlorine)
Bell-ringer
What are the two ways we can classify
matter?
 Which one can we separate into separate
components?
 List four ways we can separate them.
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