Transcript LN_ch01

CHEM 110
Introduction to Chemical
Principles I
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Chapter 1 | Slide 1
CHE 110
Introduction to Chemical Principles I
Instructor: Dr. Larry Tirri
Office:
CHE 218
Lectures: 002 MTWR 12:15 PM – 1:45 PM
TBE B172
Phone:
895-4281
Email:
[email protected]
or use WebCampus email
Office Hours:
MTWR 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM,
MTWR 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM,
Chapter 1 | Slide 2
Introductions
Instructor: Dr. Tirri
Students: Nursing Majors
Pursuing BSN
Diploma RN – Working Professionals
LPN, etc. – Working Professionals
Kinesiology, Food & Beverage Mgt.
Non-Science Major Science Lab Elect.
Others need CHE 121, CHE 122
Chapter 1 | Slide 3
Retention vs. Involvement
What is best way to approach learning?
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Reading
Observing
Studying
Discussing
Doing
Chemistry is a science, mastered by DOING !!!
Chapter 1 | Slide 4
Chapter One
Basic Concepts
of Matter
Basic Concepts of Matter
Volcano Burning
and Erupting
Several Physical and
Chemical Changes
occur during this
Process.
© Gary Braasch/CORBIS
Chapter 1 | Slide 6
What is Chemistry ?
Chemistry is …
What is matter?
Chapter 1 | Slide 7
What is Chemistry ?
Scope: Broad, all encompassing
Advertisements frequently use terms such as
Chemical Free and All Natural. Is this true?
Chapter 1 | Slide 8
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Classification Systems:
 Physical States
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
 Properties:
• Physical
• Chemical
• Hazardous / Toxic
Chapter 1 | Slide 9
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.1
Solid, liquid, and gas
states
Fig. 1.2
Water can be
found in the solid,
liquid, and vapor
(gaseous) forms
simultaneously.
David Schultz/Getty Images
Chapter 1 | Slide 10
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Solid:
Liquid:
Gas:
State of matter is dependent on temperature,
pressure, strength of forces between particles
Chapter 1 | Slide 11
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Classification Systems:
 Physical States
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
 Properties:
• Physical
• Chemical
• Hazardous / Toxic
Chapter 1 | Slide 12
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Physical Properties:
 Physical State: dependent upon temperature and
pressure.
 Add heat to a solid.
 Add heat to a liquid.
 Solid ↔ Liquid
 Liquid ↔ Gas (vapor)
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Chapter 1 | Slide 13
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
The melting of ice cream is a
physical change involving a change of
state; solid turns to liquid.
Phil Degginger/Color-Pic
Chapter 1 | Slide 14
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
O2
N2
H2O
I2
Fe
MP oC
-218
-210
0
114
1535
BP oC
-183
-196
100
184
2885
Differences may distinguish one from another.
Chapter 1 | Slide 15
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Other Physical Properties:
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Color
Odor
Hardness
Density
Solubility
All Physical Properties are observed without
changing the basic identity of the substance.
Chapter 1 | Slide 16
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chemical Properties:
Characteristic that describes the way a substance
 Cu (copper) objects turns ________ when exposed to
____, ______ and ______
 Au (gold) objects ___________
 Fe forms ________(rust) when exposed to ______ and
____________
 Ag (silver) ____________, ________
Chapter 1 | Slide 17
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.3
The green color of the
Statue of Liberty results
from the reaction of
copper with the
components of air.
Andy Levin/Photo Researchers
Chapter 1 | Slide 18
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.5
As a result of chemical
change, bright steel girders
become rusty when exposed
to moist air.
Chapter 1 | Slide 19
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
C.C. 1.1 "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance
Chapter 1 | Slide 20
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
“Good vs Bad”
 CO
 Coumadin
 Acetaminophen
Chapter 1 | Slide 21
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Concept of Properties → Observed Changes
 Physical Changes – Change in physical appearance
• Solid → Liquid → Gas
• Solid → Gas
Sublimation CO2 I2
 Chemical Changes – Change in Chemical composition
and changes in chemical properties.
4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
C + O2 → CO2
Chapter 1 | Slide 22
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Concept of Properties → Observed Changes
 Physical Changes – ____________________________
• _________ → _________ → ____________
• _________ → _____
________ _____ ____
 Chemical Changes – _________________________ and
changes in ____________ properties.
Chapter 1 | Slide 23
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
CAG .1
Chapter 1 | Slide 24
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Pure Substances vs Mixtures
 A Pure Substance is _________________ that cannot
be _________ into other kinds of matter by any
_____________ means.
 A Mixture is a _________ ____________ of _____ or
_______ pure substances in which each substance
___________ its own ___________ __________.
• Each substance
• ____________and ___________
• ________________ composition
Chapter 1 | Slide 25
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.6a
James Scherer
A magnet and a mixture
consisting of potassium
dichromate (orange crystals)
and iron fillings.
James Scherer
(b) The magnet can be used to
separate the iron fillings
from the potassium
dichromate.
Chapter 1 | Slide 26
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures.
Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Chapter 1 | Slide 27
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.
Chapter 1 | Slide 28
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.9
Questions used in
classifying matter
into various
categories.
Chapter 1 | Slide 29
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
 CAG 1.2
Chapter 1 | Slide 30
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.10
Outward physical
appearance of
naturally occurring
elements
________
_______
_______
______
______
____
Chapter 1 | Slide 31
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.11
Abundance of
elements in the
universe and in
Earth’s crust (in
atom percent)
Chapter 1 | Slide 32
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
C.C. 1.2 Elemental
Composition of
the Human Body
60.5%
25.7%
10.7%
2.4%
0.7% Other
Chapter 1 | Slide 33
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Table 1.1
Elements in Red plus
As, Bi, Cr
Ag _________________
Au _________________
Cu _________________
Fe _________________
Hg _________________
K
_________________
Na _________________
Pb _________________
Sn _________________
Chapter 1 | Slide 34
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.12
A computer reconstruction of the
surface of a sample of graphite
(carbon) as observed with a scanning
tunneling microscope. The image
reveals the regular pattern of
individual carbon atoms. The color
was added to the image by computer.
Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc.
Chapter 1 | Slide 35
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.13
254 million atoms
arranged in a straight line
would extend a distance of
approximately 1 inch.
Chapter 1 | Slide 36
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur
Chapter 1 | Slide 37
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.15
Depictions of various simple
heteroatomic molecules using
models. Spheres of different
sizes and colors represent
different kinds of atoms.
Chapter 1 | Slide 38
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Example 1.2
Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc.
(2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element or a
compound.
Chapter 1 | Slide 39
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Practice Example 1.2
Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic,
triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and
(3) representing an element of a compound.
Chapter 1 | Slide 40
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chemical Formulas
 Combination of ________ _________ to represent a
____________ or _____________
 ______________ used to identify more than _____
________ of an __________
 Parentheses used to represent a ________ of _______
that represent a ________, such as
Chapter 1 | Slide 41