Transcript STAAR Chemistry Review Topic: Atomic Structure

STAAR Chemistry Review
Topic: Matter and its
properties
TEKS – The student knows the
characteristics of matter and can
analyze the relationships between
chemical and physical changes and
properties.
Student Expectation (4A)
• --differentiate between physical and chemical
changes and properties.
Index Card Time
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Title: Changes
Front: Physical Changes
Back: Change in size, shape or state.
Examples:
Physical Properties
• Malleable :
• Ability to be hammered into thin sheets
• Ductile:
• Ability to be drawn into a wire
• Luster:
• Ability to reflect the light
Index Card Time
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Title: Matter Changes
Front: Chemical Changes
Back: New substance forms.
Color change.
Temperature change (endo/exo).
Gas forms.
Precipitate (solid) forms.
5 Signs of a Chemical Reaction
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There are five
indicators that a
chemical reaction has
taken place.
They are…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Color change
Temp. change
Gas.
Appearance of a
precipitate (solid)
5. Light.
Physical or Chemical properties?
1. rusting iron
Answer: Chemical
2. dissolving in water
Answer: Physical
3. burning a log
Answer: Chemical
4. melting ice
Answer: Physical
5. grinding spices
Answer: Physical
Physical or Chemical Changes
All phases changes are physical
Precipitant
Student Expectation (4C)
• Compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of
compressibility, structure, shape and volume.
Index Card Time
• Title: States of Matter and Properties
• Back: Make a chart which includes solid,
liquid and gas and the properties of shape,
volume, compressibility and a diagram.
Shape
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Volume
Compressibility
(high or low)
Sketch a
diagram
Compressibility and the spacing of
particles.
Particle vibrate in fixed
position
Particles slide past one
another
Constant random
motion spaced far
apart.
What happens to the gas particles in a
balloon when it is compressed?
Student Expectation (4B)
• --- identify extensive and intensive
properties.
Index Card Time
• Title: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
• Front: INTENSIVE IS SO INTENSE THAT THE
AMOUNT OF MATTER DOESN’T MATTER!!!!!
• Back: Examples of each
Intensive or Extensive?
1. Boiling point
Answer: Intensive
2. Melting point
Answer: Intensive
3. Color
Answer: Intensive
4. Odor
Answer: Intensive
5. Mass
Answer: Extensive
Student Expectation (4D)
• Classify matter as pure substances or mixtures
through investigation of their properties.
Index Card Time
• Title: Substances and Mixtures
• Back: Make the flow chart for classifying
matter. Include examples for
• each category.
Flow chart
Element
Pure and made up of only itself!!!!
Pure
Compounds: Combining two or more
elements together.
Chemically combined.
The same no matter where you
find the compound.
Pure!!!!
Mixtures
Can be separated physically, not chemically combined.
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Made of several different types of atoms and element.
Solution
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Salt Water solution
Homogeneous
Learning Check
Identify if the following are
1) Homogeneous or 2) Heterogenous
1. __air
2. __ink
3. __ soft drink
4. __ salad dressing
5. __coffee (black)
6. __Chicken
noodle soup
Learning Check
Identify if the following are
1) Homogeneous or 2) Heterogenous
1. 1 air
2. 1 ink
3. 1soft drink
4. 2 salad dressing
5. 1 coffee
6. 2 Chicken
noodle
soup
More Review
Pure Water
Pure Water ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Compound
Element
Chocolate Ice Cream
Chocolate Ice Cream – Hetero or
Homo?
1. Neither, but it sure
is good.
2. Heterogeneous
3. Homogeneous
4. Both
Vegetable
Soup
Vegetable Soup: Hetero or Homo
1. Homogeneous
2. Neither, I don’t like
soup.
3. Heterogeneous
4. Both
Tomato Soup
Tomato Soup: Hetero or Homo
1. Heterogeneous
2. Neither, still don’t
like soup.
3. Homogeneous
4. Both
Salt (NaCl)
Table Salt: Element, Mixture, or
Compound?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Element
Mixture
Compound
None of the above
All of the above
Banana Split
Banana Split: Hetero or Homo?
1. Homogeneous
2. Neither, too
fattening.
3. Heterogeneous
4. Depends where you
buy it.
Pure Gold
Pure Gold: Element, Mixture, or
Compound?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Element
Mixture
Compound
All of the above
Mass is the measure of the amount of
____ in an object
1.
2.
3.
4.
Volume
Matter
Gravity
weight
A compound is a substance that is
made from the atoms of
1. Only one element
2. Two elements only
3. Two or more
elements
Extensive properties depend on the
amount of matter present such as
1. Volume
2. Mass
3. Amount of energy
in a substance
4. All of the above.
Intensive properties do not depend on
the amount of matter present such as
1. Melting point and
boiling point only
2. Volume
3. Density
4. Ability to conduct
electricity
5. All but #2
Physical property can be observed
such as
1.
2.
3.
4.
Density
Odor
Flammability
rusting
A substance that does not involve a
change in the identity of the substance
is called
1. Chemical change
2. Physical change
Phase changes are an example of
1. Physical change
2. Chemical change
This state of matter has definite
volume and definite shape.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liquid
Gas
Solid
plasma
This state of matter has the most
energy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liquid
Gas
Solid
plasma
This state of matter has definite
volume but no definite shape.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liquid
Gas
Solid
plasma
How many different states can matter
exist?
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
4
50
Sometime but
rarely 5
This state of matter is found on the
stars and in fluorescent light bulbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liquid
Gas
Solid
plasma
A mixture can be separated
1. Chemically
2. physically
Mixtures that are uniform in
composition are
1. Heterogeneous
2. homogeneous
An example of an homogeneous
mixture is
1. Chicken noodle
soup
2. Lemonade
3. Salt water solution
4. Both #2 & #3
Granite is an example of what type of
mixture?
1. Heterogeneous
2. homogeneous
An example of a pure substance is
1.
2.
3.
4.
A salad
Gold
Blood
Stainless steel