Transcript Properties of Matter Power Point 9-8-14

Chemistry
Chapter 1
Properties of Matter
Learning Goal
• I CAN describe various
properties use to identify and
classify matter.
MATTER and its PROPERTIES
• What is a PROPERTY?
• A QUALITY or TRAIT associated with a particular
type of matter.
• Properties that matter possess can be placed into TWO
groups:
– PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – those characteristics that can
be observed WITHOUT changing the identity of the
substance.
-Shape, size, color, temperature, luster, texture, and
state of matter are examples of PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES – properties
which describe how a substance behaves
when undergoing a chemical reaction.
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Flammability – does it burn?
Corrosiveness – does it destroy the surface?
Reactivity – does it combine chemically?
Stability – does it remain the same over time?
Exothermic – does it give off heat/light?
Endothermic – does it absorb heat or light?
Much of science deals with the
MACROSCOPIC and MICROSCOPIC
world.
Macroscopic – large enough to be seen with the
naked eye.
Microscopic – can only be seen with magnification.
Chemistry also deals with the SUBMICROSCOPIC
world – those things that cannot be seen with even
the most powerful microscopes.
Scientific Models
• Since the submicroscopic world cannot be
seen, our understanding of it is largely based
on SCIENTIFIC MODELS.
– Models DO NOT have to be physical objects; they can be ideas on paper
too!
• Scientific models are THINKING DEVICES
that helps us understand and explain that
which cannot be seen.
Scientific Models are often based
on INDIRECT evidence.
Indirect Evidence is information gathered
from experimental studies that
SUGGESTS a particular idea or
explanation of a natural phenomenon.
For example, much of what has been
learned about atoms has result from how
substances behave when exposed to X-rays,
electricity, heat, light, etc.
• The study of matter provides of two basic types
of information:
• QUALITATIVE expressions DESCRIBE THE
SUBSTANCE’S COMPOSITION.
• QUANTITATIVE expression tell HOW MUCH
of a substance is present.
PROBLEM
Describe the QUALITATIVE and
QUANTITATIVE expressions in the following:
• Substance #1 contains 10.2 grams
of Calcium, 5.4 grams of Sulfur and
10.5 grams of Oxygen.
• Substance #2 contains 45.5% Oxygen and
54.5 % Carbon.
• Substance #1 contains 10.2 grams
of Calcium, 5.4 grams of Sulfur and
10.5 grams of Oxygen.
Qualitative – Calcium, Sulfur and Oxygen
Quantitative – 10.2, 5.4 and 10.5 grams
• Substance #2 contains 45.5% Oxygen and
54.5 % Carbon.
Qualitative – Oxygen and Carbon
Quantitative – 45.5% and 54.5 %
Other Ways to Classify Substances
• Substances can also be classified as either PURE
SUBSTANCES or MIXTURES.
• A PURE SUBSTANCE contains ONLY ONE KIND OF
ATOM [element].
– example Copper – only contains Cu atoms
or one kind of MOLECULE [compound]
– example WATER – only contains H2O molecules
• A MIXTURE contains two or more different substances
not chemically joined with each other [elements or
compounds] and can be easily separated.
Properties of PURE SUBSTANCES
• Made of only ONE KIND of atom or molecule.
• Compounds do NOT have the properties of the elements
they are made up from!!
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• Components are NOT EASILY SEPARATED!
Properties of MIXTURES
• Can be a combination of elements,
compounds or both in any ratio.
• The individual components in the mixture
KEEP THEIR OWN PROPERTIES.
• Usually easily separated into the various
components in the mixture.
CLASSIFY the following as PURE SUBSTANCES
[elements or compound] or MIXTURES:
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Aluminum
Table Salt
Sugar
Kool-Aid
Blood
Carbon Dioxide
Soil
Milk
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Water
Gasoline
A cake
Mouthwash
14 Karat Gold
Baking Soda
Baking
Powder
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Aluminum Pure (element)
Table Salt Pure (compound)
Sugar Pure (compound)
Kool-Aid Mixture
Blood Mixture
Carbon Dioxide Pure (com)
Soil Mixture
Milk Mixture
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Water Pure (compound)
Gasoline Mixture
A cake Mixture
Mouthwash Mixture
14 Karat Gold Mixture
Baking Soda Pure (Compound)
Baking Powder Mixture