Transcript Chemistry You Need to Know

Chapter 2: Antacids
Introductory Activity – Part 1
 Fill a film canister about half-full with room
temperature water. Place about a quarter of a
tablet of Alka-Seltzer ® in the canister and
quickly push the top on. Stand back and
observe. This is called an “Alka-Seltzer ®
cannon.”
 In your lab group, brainstorm all of the chemistry
involved in this process. What chemistry would
you need to learn about to understand what’s
happening? Share your brainstorming with the
class.
Introductory Activity – Part 2
 List everything you know about acids and bases.
Where have you used them or come in contact
with them in your life? Explain what you
understand about antacids. Share your ideas
with the class.
Antacids
This chapter will introduce the chemistry
needed to understand how antacids work
Section 2.1: Types of Matter
Section 2.2: Naming Chemicals
Section 2.3: Writing Formulas
Section 2.4: Acids & Bases
Section 2.5: Characteristics of Acids & Bases
Section 2.6: Chemical Reactions
Section 2.7: Balancing Chemical Equations
Section 2.8: Speeding up Chemical Reactions
Antacids
Are a
Chemica
l
Formula
s
Mixture
Used
in
Balanced
Chemical
Equations
Of different
Symbolized
with
Compounds
Symbolized
with
Some are
Acids &
Bases
undergo
Chemical
Reactions
Speed governed by
Collision
Theory
Intro—Antacids
Why do we need antacids?
Your body needs hydrochloric acid to
digest food
Too much causes heartburn, ulcers and
can damage your esophagus
Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors
There are two types of medicines you can use
Antacids
Acid Inhibitors
Neutralizes the acid currently
in your system
Controls the amount of acid
your body produces
Work quickly but your body
will make more acid again
Long-term solution, but
needs to build up in your
system to be most effective
Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®,
Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ®
Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid
AC ®
Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an
acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?
Section 2.1—Types of Matter
Matter can be classified
Matter
Pure
Substances
Element
Compound
Mixtures
Homogeneous
(Solutions)
Heterogeneous
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space
Anything made from atoms
Examples:
Molecules
Cells
People
Air
Water
Pure Substances versus Mixtures
Matter is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Every piece of
matter is the same
More than one type
of matter mixed
together
Elements versus Compounds
Pure substances are either elements or compounds
Elements
Compound
Every atom is the
same type of atom
More than one type
of atom chemically
bonded together.
Every molecule is
the same.
Elements
Single Atom
Element
Cannot be separated by
chemical or physical
processes
Pure substance
Every atom is the same
Elements can be found on the periodic table!
Compounds
Single Molecule
Made of more than one type of
atom bonded together
Compound
Pure substance
Every molecule is the same
Can be separated by chemical
reactions only
Mixtures
Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous
Homogeneous
(aka “solution”)
Heterogeneous
It looks the same
throughout
Different matter can
be seen (chunks,
bubbles, floaties,
layers, etc.)
Mixtures
>1 different
type of matter
Can be separated
chemically or physically
Mixture
Not a pure substance
Physical combination of more
than 1 type of pure substance
Mixture possibilities
Mixtures can be any combination of solids,
liquids and gases:
Solid-solid: Medicine tablet
Solid-gas: Pop Rocks candy
Solid-liquid: Ice water
Liquid-liquid: Lemon water
Gas-Liquid: Carbonated water
Gas-Gas: Air
True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions
True Solution
Colloid
Suspension
Particles don’t
settle out and are
too small to
scatter light
Particles don’t
settle out but are
large enough to
scatter light
Particles will settle
out over time
Dissolved Particle Size Increases
Particles Scattering Light
If the dissolved particles are large enough
to scatter light, we say it exhibits the
“Tyndall Effect”
Solution
Light passes through unchanged
Colloids exhibit the Tyndall Effect
Light is scattered by larger solute
particles
Connect these concepts with Antacids
What type of matter do you think antacids
are?
Pure substance (Element or compound)
Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)
Connect these concepts with Antacids
Antacids are mixtures.
They contain active & inactive ingredients
What purposes could the inactive
ingredients serve?
Connect these concepts with Antacids
Inactive ingredients might
Add enough volume to make the pill able to be
handeled
Add color
Add flavor
Allow the tablet to be compressed and formed
Let’s Practice
Example:
Determine if
each is
element,
compound,
homogeneous
or
heterogeneous
mixtures
Tin foil
Copper pipe
Concrete
Carbon tetrachloride
Sports drink
Let’s Practice
Example:
Determine if
each is
element,
compound,
homogeneous
or
heterogeneous
mixtures
Tin foil
Element
Copper pipe
Element
Concrete
Heterogeneous mix
Carbon tetrachloride
Compound
Sports drink
Homogenous mix