Transcript AP Psych Questions Unit 4x

Unit 4: Module 16
1. What occurs when experiences influence
our interpretation of data?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Selective attention
Transduction
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Signal detection theory
Answer
d) Top-down processing
2. What principle states that to be perceived
as different, two stimuli must differ by a
minimum percentage rather than a
constant amount?
a) Absolute threshold
b) Different threshold
c) Signal detection theory
d) Priming
e) Weber’s law
Answer
e) Weber’s law
3. What do we call conversion of stimulus
energies, sights and sounds, into neural
impulses?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Transduction
Perception
Priming
Signal detection theory
Threshold
Answer
a) Transduction
4. Natalia is washing her hands and adjusts
the faucet handle until the water feels just
slightly hotter than it did before. Natalia’s
adjustment until she feels a difference is an
example of…
a) a subliminal stimulus.
b) an absolute threshold.
c) a difference threshold.
d) signal detection.
e) Weber’s law.
Answer
c) a difference threshold.
5.Tyshane went swimming with friends who did
not want to get into the pool because the water
felt cold. Tyshane jumped in and after a few
minutes declared, “It was cold when I first got in,
but now my body is used to it. Come on in!”
Tyshane’s body became accustomed to the water
a)
perceptual
due
to… set.
b)
c)
d)
e)
absolute threshold.
difference threshold.
selective attention.
sensory adaptation.
Answer
e) sensory adaptation.
Unit 4: Module 17
1. What do we call a mental disposition that
influences or interpretation of a stimulus?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
A context effect
Perceptual set
Extrasensory perception
Emotion
Motivation
Answer
b) Perceptual set
2. Kimberly tells her brother to put on a
suit on a warm summer day. Kimberly’s
brother knows to put on a swimsuit instead
of a business suit because of…
a) context.
b) ESP.
c) precognition.
d) bottom-up processing.
e) clairvoyance.
Answer
a) context.
3. Which of the following is produced by
perceptual set?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Not noticing that the songs change in a restaurant
Noticing a difference in weight of a friend from one week to the next
Moving an arm quickly so that a mosquito flies away
Surprise at hearing an Oklahoma cowboy speak a British accent
Not noticing a watch on your wrist as the day goes on
Answer
d) Surprise at hearing an Oklahoma cowboy speak a British accent
Unit 4: Module 18
1. Light’s ____ is the distance from one wave
peak to the next. This dimension determines
the ____ we experience.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
hue; wavelength
wavelength; hue
hue; intensity
wavelength; intensity
intensity; wavelength
Answer
b) wavelength; hue
2. What do we call the specialized neurons
in the occipital lobe’s visual cortex that
respond to particular edges, lines, angles,
and movements?
a) Rods
b) Cones
c) Foveae
d) Feature detectors
e) Ganglion cells
Answer
d) Feature detectors
3. Which of the following explains reversecolor afterimages?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
The blind spot
Hering’s opponent-process theory
Feature detectors
Parallel processing
Answer
c) Hering’s opponent-process theory
4. Your best friend decides to paint her
room an extremely bright electric blue.
Which of the following best fits the
physical properties of the color’s light
waves?
a) No wavelength; large amplitude
b) Short wavelength; large amplitude
c) Short wavelength; small amplitude
d) Long wavelength ; large amplitude
e) No wavelength; small amplitude
Answer
b) Short wavelength; large amplitude
5. What do we call the transparent,
protective layer that light passes through
as it enters the eye?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Pupil
Iris
Cornea
Lens
Fovea
Answer
c) Cornea
Unit 4: Module 19
shifted the wearer’s gaze 20 degrees, to
demonstrate an altered perception. A student
wearing the goggles instantly bumped into
numerous desks and chairs while walking
around, but chose to wear the goggles for a
half hour. After 30 minutes, the student was able
to smoothly avoid obstacles, illustrating the
concept
of…
a) perceptual
constancy.
b)
c)
d)
e)
visual interception.
sensory restriction.
perceptual constancy.
binocular cues.
Answer
a) perceptual constancy.
2. What do we call the illusion of movement
that results from two or more stationary,
adjacent lights blinking on and off in
quick succession?
a) Phi phenomenon
b) Perceptual constancy
c) Binocular cues
d) Retinal disparity
e) Depth perception
Answer
a) Phi phenomenon
3. Bryanna and Charles are in a dancing
competition. It is easy for spectators to see
them against the dance floor because of…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the visual cliff.
the phi phenomenon.
color constancy.
sensory restriction.
figure-ground relationships.
Answer
e) figure-ground relationships.
4. The view from Narmeen’s left eye is
slightly different from the view from her
right eye. This is due to which depth clue?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Retinal disparity
Relative size
Linear perspective
Relative motion
Convergence
Answer
a) Retinal disparity
5. Bringing order and form to stimuli,
which illustrates how the whole differs
from the sum of its parts, is called…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
grouping.
monocular cue.
binocular cue.
disparity.
motion.
Answer
a) grouping.
Unit 4: Module 20
1.What type of hearing loss is due to damage
to the mechanism that transmits sound
waves to the cochlea?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Sensorineural
Window-related
Conduction
Cochlear
Basilar
Answer
c) Conduction
2. Pitch depends on which of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Amplitude of a sound wave
Number of hair cells stimulated
Strength of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve
Number of sound waves that reach the ear in a given time
Decibels of a sound wave
Answer
d) Number of sound waves that reach the ear in a given time
3. Which of the following reflects the
notion that pitch is related to the number
of impulses travelling up the auditory
nerve in a unit of time?
a) Place theory
b) Frequency theory
c) Volley principle
d) Sound localization
e) Stereophonic hearing
Answer
b) Frequency theory
4. The three small bones of the ear are
located in the…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
cochlea.
outer ear.
inner ear.
middle ear.
auditory nerve.
Answer
d) middle ear.
Unit 4: Module 21
1. Sensing the position and movement of
individual body parts is an example of
which sense?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Kinesthetic
Vestibular
Auditory
Umami
Olfactory
Answer
a) Kinesthetic
2. Which of the following is the best example
of kinesthesia?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Awareness of the smell of freshly brewed coffee
Ability to feel pressure on your arm
Ability to hear a softly ticking clock
Ability to calculate where a kicked soccer ball will land from the
moment it leaves your foot
e) Awareness of the position of your arms when swimming the
backstroke
Answer
e) Awareness of the position of your arms when swimming the
backstroke
3. Which of the following is the best example
of sensory interaction?
a) Finding that despite its delicious aroma, a weird-looking meal tastes
awful
b) Finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold
c) Finding it difficult to maintain your balance when you have an ear
infection
d) Finding that the cold pool water doesn’t feel so cold after a while
e) All of these are examples
Answer
b) Finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold
4. Which of the following is most closely
associated with hairlike receptors in the
semicircular canals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Body position
Smell
Hearing
Pain
Touch
Answer
a) Body position
Unit 4: AP Exam Questions
1. What is the purpose of the iris?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
To focus light on the retina
To process color
To allow light into the eye
To enable night vision
To detect specific shapes
Answer
c) To allow light into the eye
2. Neurons that fire in response to specific
edges, lines, angles, and movements are
called what?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Rods
Cones
Ganglion cells
Feature detectors
Bipolar cells
Answer
d) Feature detectors
3. Signal detection theory is most closely
associated with which perception process?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Vision
Sensory adaptation
Absolute thresholds
Smell
Context effects
Answer
c) Absolute thresholds
4. Which of the following represents
perceptual constancy?
a) We recognize the taste of McDonald’s food each time we eat it.
b) In photos of people, the people almost always are perceived as figure and
everything else as ground.
c) We know that the color of a printed page has not changed as it moves from
sunlight to shadow.
d) From the time they are very young, most people can recognize the smell of a
dentist’s office.
e) The cold water in a lake doesn’t seem so cold after you have been swimming in it
for a few minutes.
Answer
c) We know that the color of a printed page has not changed as it moves from
sunlight to shadow.
5. Our tendency to see faces in clouds and
other ambiguous stimuli is partly based on
what perception principle?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Selective attention
ESP
Perceptual set
Shape constancy
Bottom-up processing
Answer
c) Perceptual set
6. The process by which rods and cones
change electromagnetic energy into
neural messages is called what?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Adaptation
Accommodation
Parallel processing
Transduction
Perceptual setting
Answer
d) Transduction
7. Which of the following is most likely to
influence our memory of a painful event?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The overall length of the event
The intensity of pain at the end of the event
The reason for the pain
The amount of rest you’ve had in the 24 hours preceding the event
The specific part of the body that experiences the pain
Answer
b) The intensity of pain at the end of the event
8. Frequency theory relates to which
element of the hearing process?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Rate at which the basilar membrane vibrates
Number of fibers in the auditory nerve
Point at which the basilar membrane exhibits the most vibration
Decibel level of sound
Number of hair cells in each cochlea
Answer
a) Rate at which the basilar membrane vibrates
9. Which of the following best represents an
absolute threshold?
a) A guitar player knows that his D string has just gone out of tune.
b) A photographer can tell that the natural light available for a photograph
faded slightly.
c) Your friend amazes you by correctly identifying unlabeled glasses of Coke
and Pepsi.
d) A cook can just barely taste the salt she has added to her soup.
e) You mom throws out the milk because she says it tastes “off.”
Answer
d) A cook can just barely taste the salt she has added to her soup.
10. Which of the following describes a
perception process that the Gestalt
psychologists would have been interested
in?
a) Depth perception and how it allows us to survive in the world
b) Why we see an object near us as closer rather than larger
c) How an organized whole is formed out of its component pieces
d) What the smallest units of perception are
e) The similarities between shape and constancy and size constancy
Answer
c) How an organized whole is formed out of its component pieces
11. Which perception process are the hammer,
anvil, and stirrup involved in?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Processing intense colors
Processing information related to our sense of balance
Supporting a structural frame to hold the eardrum
Transmitting sound waves to the cochlea
Holding hair cells that enable hearing
Answer
d) Transmitting sound waves to the cochlea
12. Which of the following might result
from disruption of your vestibular sense?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Inability to detect the position of your arm without looking at it
Loss of the ability to detect bitter tastes
Dizziness and a loss of balance
An inability to detect pain
Loss of color vision
Answer
c) Dizziness and a loss of balance
13. When we go to the movies, we see smooth
continuous motion rather than a series of
still images because of which process?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The phi phenomenon
Perceptual set
Stroboscopic movement
Relative motion
Illusory effect
Answer
c) Stroboscopic movement
14. Two monocular depth cues are most
responsible for our ability to know that a
jet flying overhead is at an elevation of
several miles. One cue is relative size. What is
the other?
a) Relative motion
b) Retinal disparity
c) Interposition
d) Light and shadow
e) Linear perspective
Answer
a) Relative motion
15. Which of the following phrases
accurately describes top-down processing?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The entry level data captured by our various sensory systems
The effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception
Our tendency to scan a visual field from top to bottom
Our inclination to follow a predetermined set of steps to process
sound
e) The fact that information is processed by the higher regions of the
brain before it reaches the lower brain
Answer
b) The effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception