Transcript Sensation
Sensation & Perception Sensation & Perception Sensation = The process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heart or pressure. Perception = The process of integrating, organizing and interpreting sensations. Our brain receives information about the environment through our senses. Lets Exercise Our 5 Senses Try to only focus on 1 sense at a time. Vision: Look around you; notice the different shades and variety of color and shadows in the room. Smell: Inhale deeply through your nose and identify the aromas in the air. Sometimes it helps to close your eyes. Taste: Imagine tasting your favorite food. Is your mouth watering? Hearing: Listen to the many sounds (loud, soft, near, far). What do you hear? Touch: Focus on the things that are touching you (clothes, shoes, and the chair you are sitting on). Anosmia Disorder Anosmia = inability to smell www.webmd.com/brain/anosmia-loss-of-smell Those who have this disorder learn to adapt (textures of food may become more significant). Example: Peanut Butter tastes like “oily sand” Taste & Smell are closely related Example: When you were a kid and did want to eat something (peas); did anyone ever tell you to plug your nose? It works. Steps of Sensation & Perception All of our senses involve a common process through which our brain receives information. 1. Sensations are stimulated by sensory receptors See Summary of Senses on the Following Slide 2. Sensory receptors convert stimulus (physical energy) into electrical impulses that are transmitted via neurons to the brain. 3. Transduction = Physical energy is organized and interpreted by the brain. (It tastes like? It smells like?) Example: Eating a “Jolly Rancher” Candy Sense = Taste Stimulus = Chemicals dissolved in saliva Sense Organ = Mouth Sensory Receptor Cells = Taste Buds Taste Vision Smell Touch Sensation & Perception Hearing Sensory Adaptation = A decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus. Sensory Adaptation helps us from feeling overwhelmed with our environment. Test: Cook something with a strong smell (onions & garlic). After awhile, you may notice the smell goes away (sensory adaptation). Enjoy the dish you prepared and then go for a walk around the block. Come back… The smell is strong again. Sensory Thresholds = The point at which a stimulus is strong enough to be detected by activating a sensory receptor cell. Subliminal Perception = The perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness. Vision Most important of all senses Helps enhance all other senses Light waves are how we see: “Visible Light Spectrum” within the “Electromagnetic Spectrum” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfXzwh3KadE Sense = Vision Stimulus = Light Waves Sense Organ = Eye Sensory Receptor Cells = Rods & Cones Vision Cornea = Protective Covering Rub when tired Put contact on Example: Lens cap on a camera Sclera = White part of eye Iris = Lets light in eye Eye color Soft muscle Opens & Closes Little Light or Dark = Iris opens to let more light in Bright or Light = Iris closes to let less light in Vision Pupil = Black opening in the middle of the eye Fixed ( Does not move) Dilated Open = Drugs/Alcohol, Dark, In Love, Dead Lens = Focuses the light onto the retina If the eyeball is abnormally shaped the lens may not focus incoming light on the retina causing visual problems. For example: Nearsightedness, Farsightedness or Astigmatism Vision Retina = Changes light into pictures/color Example: Film in a camera Contains 2 kinds of sensory receptors for light: 1. Rods: Night vision (low light) black, white, gray 2. Cones: Day vision (bright light) colors ** Color Blindness: one has cones but something is wrong with the cones. Take the following color blind test: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWyrp3hu4KE ** Animals have more rods and can see better at night (Do not leave the porch lights on for animals anymore) Blind Spot (Optic Disk) = No receptor for vision in the back of the eye Optic Nerve = Sends images to the brain Smell Sense = Smell Stimulus = Airborne odor molecules Sense Organ = Nose Sensory Receptor Cells = Cilia (hairs) plug into “olfactory bulb” 6 things smell is responsible for: 1. Smell We experience over 10,000 cents/odors Flowery, Fruity, Spicy, Smokey, Dusty, Foul 2. Taste Smell 3. Memory Do you want to remember something or someone? Each person has a different smell (smell moms, dads, brothers clothes) Death: If you want to remember a person keep clothes. You may see family fighting… I want, I want, but if you really want to remember someone box up a shirt. Event: How to remember an event; poke your nose in an old year book, wedding dress or old prom dress and let the memories surface. Smell 4. Emotions Apple Spice = Calm Aroma Therapy is True 5. Bonding Moms and babies can pick each other out of groups. Example: Baby cries when someone esle holds them. 6. Sexuality We chose our mate by smell… Pheromones = 100+ natural body oils that secret through the skin and picked up by others ** Perfume = Artificial Pheromones Taste Sense = Taste Stimulus = Chemicals dissolved in saliva Sense Organ = Mouth Sensory Receptor Cells = Taste Buds (Papilla = bumps that house taste buds) We experience over 3,000 tastes/flavors, which consist of different combinations of the following: Salt Sour Sweet Bitter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuP-Kj7MHes Hearing Sense = Hearing Stimulus = Sound Waves Sense Organ = Ear Sensory Receptor Cells = Hair Cells in Cochlea Outer Ear Pinna • Called Ear Auditory Canal • Where you put a Q-tip Eardrum • AKA: Tympanic Membrane • Where Bones Narrow Hearing Middle Ear Amplifying System (tiny bones on other side of ear) Inner Ear (Balance & Equilibrium) Cochlea Looks like a shell Pea size Contains hair (cilia) cells – fluid flows over the hairs, fluid causes vibrations Auditory Nerve Somesthetic Somesthesis (Body Feeling) Cutaneous(means of the “skin”) (outside) Example: touch, pressure, pain, hot, cold, goose bumps Kinesthetic(inside) Example: cramps, tummy growling, chills, headache ** Start at kinesthetic and end up at cutaneous Example: Hiccups & Burps