Transcript Document

• Bone Conduction
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Headphones - Other transducer technologies
1
Magnetostriction headphones, sometimes
sold under the label of Bonephones, are
headphones that work via the transmission
of vibrations against the side of head,
transmitting the sound via bone
conduction
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Google Glass - Technical specifications
1
* Bone conduction
transducer
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Google Glass - Voice activation
For search results that are read back to
the user, the voice response is relayed
using bone conduction through a
transducer that sits beside the ear, thereby
rendering the sound almost inaudible to
other people.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Optical head-mounted display - Baidu
On April 1, 2013, an article at Sina
Weibo|Sina Tech reported that the
Chinese search giant Baidu is allegedly
testing Eye, a monocular eyewear display
which features a miniature LCD display,
camera for taking pictures, bone
conduction technology, and some sort of
facial recognition search
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Overview
Bone conduction is one reason why a
person's voice sounds different to him/her
when it is recorded and played back.
Because the skull conducts lower
frequencies better than air, people
perceive their own voices to be lower and
fuller than others do, and a recording of
one's own voice frequently sounds higher
than one expects it to sound.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Hearing aids
1
The first description, in 1923, of a bone
conduction hearing aid was Hugo
Gernsback's Osophone, which he later
elaborated on with his Phonosone.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Products
Bone conduction
products are usually
categorized into three
groups:
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Products
One example of a specialized
communication product is a bone
conduction speaker that is used by Scuba
diving|scuba divers
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Use in the 21st century
1
The Google Glass device employs bone
conduction technology for the relay of
information to the user through a
transducer that sits beside the user's ear.
The use of bone conduction means that
any vocal content that is received by the
Glass user is nearly inaudible to outsiders.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Use in the 21st century
The Talking Window advertising
concept uses bone conduction to
transmit advertising to public
transport passengers who lean their
heads against glass train windows
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Bone conduction - Advantages
1
Bone conduction products have the following
advantages over traditional headphones:
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Ultrasound - Humans
The upper frequency limit in humans
(approximately 20kHz) is due to limitations
of the middle ear, which acts as a lowpass filter. Ultrasonic hearing can occur if
ultrasound is fed directly into the human
skull and reaches the cochlea through
bone conduction, without passing through
the middle ear.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing (sense) - Hearing underwater
Hearing threshold and the ability to
localize sound sources are reduced
underwater, in which the speed of sound is
faster than in air. Underwater hearing is by
bone conduction, and localization of sound
appears to depend on differences in
amplitude detected by bone conduction.
Aquatic animals such as fish, however,
have a more specialized hearing
apparatus that is effective underwater.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Deaf - Mixed hearing loss
1
A direct bone conduction aid like the Baha or the
Ponto could, in this situation, be a good option.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Deaf - Myths
1
#* For some hearing-impaired individuals
who experience distortion of incoming
sounds, a cochlear implant may actually
worsen the distortion. A Bone anchored
hearing aid|bone conduction hearing
solution (BAHA) however, will never affect
the hearing in a negative way, since it
reroutes the sound through the skull.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Sky Deutschland - Bone conduction advertising abuse
In 2013 the company proposes to use
bone conduction via train windows to
broadcast ads to train riders while they try
to sleep or rest.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
E. E. Smith - Retirement and late writing
1
Smith tested the car by driving it on a back
road at illegally high speeds with their
heads pressed tightly against the roof
columns to listen for chassis squeaks by
bone conduction—a process apparently
improvised on the spot.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hydroxyapatites - Medical uses
Many modern implants, e.g. hip
replacements, dental implants and
Bone_anchored_hearing_aid#DermaLoc
k_technology|bone conduction
implants, are coated with
hydroxylapatite. It has been suggested
that this may promote osseointegration..
Porous hydroxylapatite implants are
used for local drug delivery in bone. It is
also being used to repair early lesions in
tooth
enamel.http://www.nature.com/bdj/jou
rnal/v215/n4/full/sj.bdj.2013.741.html
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing aid - Bone anchored hearing aids (BAHA)
A bone anchored hearing aid is an
auditory system|auditory prosthetic based
on bone conduction which can be
surgically Implant (medicine)|implanted
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing aid - Eyeglass aids
1
Spectacle aids come in two forms, bone
conduction spectacles and air conduction
spectacles.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing aid - Eyeglass aids
1
;Bone conduction
spectacles
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing aid - Eyeglass aids
Bone conduction aids generally have a
poorer high pitch response and are
therefore best used for conductive hearing
losses or where it is impractical to fit
standard hearing aids.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hearing aid - Eyeglass aids
1
Unlike the bone conduction spectacles the
sound is transmitted via hearing aids
which are attached to the arm or arms of
the spectacles. When removing your
glasses for cleaning, the hearing aids are
detached at the same time. Whilst there
are genuine instances where spectacle
aids are a preferred choice, they may not
always be the most practical option.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Deafness - Myths
#* For some deaf and hard of hearing
individuals who experience distortion of
incoming sounds, a cochlear implant may
actually worsen the distortion. A Bone
anchored hearing aid|bone conduction
hearing solution (BAHA) however, will
never affect the hearing in a negative way,
since it reroutes the sound through the
skull.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Sensorineural hearing loss - Differential diagnosis
1
The Rinne test, which tests air conduction
vs. bone conduction is positive, though
both bone and air conduction are reduced
equally.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Banshee (comics) - Powers and abilities
He could overwhelm listeners with
deafening noise, stun them with tight-focus
low-frequency sonic blasts (effective even
against shielded ears by penetrating the
skull via bone conduction), plunge them
into a hypnotic trance, disorient them,
nauseate them, or simply render them
unconscious
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Transitional fossil - Pakicetids, Ambulocetus
1
Pakicetids could hear under water,
using enhanced bone conduction,
rather than depending on tympanic
membrane like most land mammals
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Eyeborg
1
It works with a head-mounted antenna that
senses the colors directly in front of a
person, and converts them in real-time into
sound waves through bone
conduction.Alfredo M
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Smartglasses - Safety considerations
1
In November 2013, a Canadian company,
Vandrico, released a study that
highlighted the fact that the bone
conduction transducer's audibility is
improved while wearing foam ear plugs,
which could encourage workers to wear
hearing protection in loud work
environments.Vandrico Solutions Inc.
(2013).
[http://vandrico.com/blog/googleglass-applications-improve-safetyworkplace]. Retrieved on December 9,
2013.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Cochlear Limited
'Cochlear' () is a global biotechnology
company that designs, manufactures and
supplies the Nucleus cochlear implant, the
Hybrid Electric acoustic
stimulation|electro-acoustic implant and
the Bone anchored hearing aid|Baha bone
conduction implant.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Cochlear Limited - Products
Baha (derived from bone anchored
hearing aid) is a bone conduction system
involving a small titanium implant that
is Osseointegration|ossointegrated with
the bone behind a patient's ear. A sound
processor captures sounds, which is
passed to the implant and directly
transferred to the inner ear through the
skull. Baha was originally produced by
Sweden|Swedish biotechnology group
Entific Medical Systems before that
company was acquired by Cochlear in
2005.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Foldback (sound engineering) - Bass shakers
1
The tactile transducers are attached to the
drummer's stool (throne) and the
vibrations of the driver are transmitted to
the body and then on to the ear in a
manner similar to bone
conduction.[http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/
htheaterhks/ O'Reilly, 2004
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Eric Sykes - Personal life
When he came round from the second
one he was stone deaf.Simon Edge, A
Comedy Gentleman
http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/3308
77/Eric-Sykes-A-comedy-gentleman-EricSykes-A-comedy-gentleman-Eric-Sykes-Acomedy-gentleman-Eric-Sykes-A-comedygentleman-Eric-Sykes-A-comedygentleman-Eric-Sykes-A-comedygentleman-Eric-Sykes-A-comedygentleman His spectacles contained no
lenses but were a bone conduction|boneconducting hearing aid.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Temporary deafness - Conductive hearing loss
1
Middle ear implants or bone conduction implants
can help with this kind of hearing loss.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Temporary deafness - Mixed hearing loss
The active bone conduction hearing
implant Bonebridge is also an option.
This implant is invisible under the
intact skin and therefore minimises the
risk of skin irritations.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Temporary deafness - After language
1
Common treatments include hearing
aids, cochlear implants, middle ear
implants, bone conduction implants,
implants for electric-acoustic
stimulation and learning lip reading
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Temporary deafness - Unilateral and bilateral
1
Cochlear implants as well as bone conduction
implants can help with single sided deafness.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Pure tone audiometry
1
As PTA uses both air and bone conduction
audiometry, the type of loss can also be
identified via the air-bone gap
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Pure tone audiometry - PTA procedural standards
1
Recommended Procedure: Pure Tone
air and bone conduction threshold
audiometry with and without masking
and determination of uncomfortable
loudness levels.The British Society of
Audiology
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Pure tone audiometry - Cross hearing and interaural attenuation
1
Therefore, conventional audiometry is
ear specific, with regards to both air
and bone conduction audiometry,
when masking is applied.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Seismic communication - Example: Namib Desert golden mole
1
Bone conduction and
seismic sensitivity in
golden moles
(Chrysochloridae)
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Vestibular schwannoma - Hearing loss
1
Bone Conduction hearing devices are
another option, which would include the
Baha, the Ponto Pro, the TransEar, the
SoundBite and the Sophono Alpha 1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Premiere (pay television network) - Bone conduction advertising abuse
1
In 2013 the company considered using
bone conduction via train windows to
broadcast ads to train riders while
sleeping or resting.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Conductive hearing loss
1
The Weber test, in which a tuning fork is
touched to the midline of the forehead,
localizes to the affected ear in people with
this condition. The Rinne test, which tests
air conduction vs. bone conduction is
negative (abnormal result).
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Conductive hearing loss - Differentiating conductive and sensorineuronal hearing loss
1
A Rinne test, in which air conduction
is normally greater than bone
conduction, is usually negative
(abnormal – note unusual terminology
here compared with other medical
tests), and shows greater bone
conduction than air conduction.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Conductive hearing loss - Differentiating conductive and sensorineuronal
hearing loss
bone conduction (both air and bone
conduction are decreased equally, but the
difference between them is unchanged).
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Conductive hearing loss - Differentiating conductive and sensorineuronal hearing loss
1
|Negative Rinne; bone
conduction air
conduction (bone/air
gap)
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Treacher–Collins syndrome - Management
*Hearing loss is treated by bone
conduction amplification, speech
therapy, and educational intervention to
avoid language/speech problems. The
Bone Anchored Hearing Aid|boneanchored hearing aid is an alternative
for individuals with ear anomalies
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Treacher–Collins syndrome - Hearing loss
Attempts to surgically reconstruct the
external auditory canal and improve
hearing in children with TCS have not
yielded positive results. Auditory
rehabilitation with bone-anchored hearing
aids (BAHAs) or a conventional bone
conduction aid has proven preferable to
surgical reconstruction.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
Hydroxylapatite - Medical uses
Many modern implants, e.g. hip
replacements, dental implants and Bone
anchored hearing aid#DermaLock
technology|bone conduction implants, are
coated with hydroxylapatite. It has been
suggested that this may promote
osseointegration.. Porous hydroxylapatite
implants are used for local drug delivery in
bone. It is also being used to repair early
lesions in tooth
enamel.http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v21
5/n4/full/sj.bdj.2013.741.html
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-bone-conduction-toolkit.html
For More Information, Visit:
• https://store.theartofservice.co
m/the-bone-conductiontoolkit.html
The Art of Service
https://store.theartofservice.com