Cochlear Implants - Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering
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Transcript Cochlear Implants - Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering
COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
BME 181
Brittany M. Alphonse
Biomedical Engineering
Table of Contents
Definition and History of Cochlear Implants
How Normal Hearing Works
Reasons for a Cochlear Implant
Parts of a Cochlear Implant
How a Cochlear Implant Works
Place Theory and Time Theory
Implant Surgery
Activation of Cochlear Implant
Rehabilitation
Life After Having a Cochlear Implant
Definition and History of Cochlear Implants
Definition:
Small,
complex electronic
Composed of external and internal parts
Directly stimulates the auditory nerve
Improves hearing
History:
Research
for device started in 1950s
First commercial device approved in mid 1980s
How Normal Hearing Works
Outer ear
Captures sound vibrations
Sent to ear cannel then to
middle ear
Middle ear
Vibration cause the bones to
move
Bones cause the fluid in
Cochlea to move
Fluid movement stimulates hair
cells
Hairs move back and forth
sending electrical signals to
auditory nerve
Carried to the brain
How Normal Hearing Works Continued
Cochlea
Snail
shaped or curled
tube in the part of the
ear where the nerves
are contained
Gathers electrical
signals from sound
vibration
Transmits to auditory
nerve
Reasons for a Cochlear Implant
Hearing Aids only amplify sound
Restore or regain ability to sense sound for those
who have experience significant hearing loss
Hearing loss due to infections of the ear
Profound deafness
Problems with the inner ear or cochlea
Parts
of the cochlea are not working the right way
Auditory
nerve isn’t stimulated
Nerve deafness or sensorineural hearing loss
Parts of a Cochlear Implant
Implant Package
Receiver and Stimulator
Antenna
Magnet
Wire containing
Electrodes
Sound and Speech
Processor
Mini computer
Microphone
Transmitter
How a Cochlear Implant Works
Sound is Picked up by
Microphone
Amount of current determines
loudness
Converted into Electrical
Signals by Sound and
Speech Processor
Position of Electrodes
determines Pitch
Signals received by
Transmitter
Implant Package determines
how much current passes
through to electrodes
Nerve Endings in Cochlea
Stimulated
Message sent to brain
Signals converted to hearing
Place Theory and Time Theory
Place Theory
Cochlear responds better
to a simple tone at one
place along its length
Sound is separated into
groups
Lower pitches
Higher Pitches
Use several channels and
electrodes spaced out
inside the cochlea
Time Theory
Ear Responds to timing of
sound
Sound signals are created
into pulses
Cochlea responds to
different kinds of pulses
Implant Surgery
Under General
Anesthesia (2-3 Hours)
Incision behind the Ear
Drills a 3-4 millimeter
“bed” into Temporal
Bone
Opens the Mastoid Bone
Access to Middle Ear
Drills a small whole into
Cochlea
Implant Surgery Continued
Threads wires of
Electrodes into spirals
of Cochlea
Receiver is implanted
in skull
Implant Package is
secured
Incision is closed
Most leave after
surgery
Activation of Cochlear Implant
Fitting
Audiologist
attaches headset
Align external magnet with the implanted
Implant Check
Information
is communicated between implant and
external speech processor
Every electrode is checked
All components are checked
Activation of Cochlear Implant Continued
Programming Speech Processor
Electrodes
are individually tuned for threshold and
comfortable listening levels
Electrodes
Measure
are turned on in small increments
lowest and highest current for electrodes
Matches
sounds of different electrodes with different
volumes to create a version of sound
Creates
Set
a Hearing Map
of instructions for each electrode on how to stimulate the
nerve endings
Rehabilitation
Train brain to understand sounds
Initially
Programming sessions
Obtain
overwhelmed
and Maintain optimal performance
Listening Exercises
Recognize
different sounds
Speech and Language Therapy
Identify
and interpret sounds
Life After Having a Cochlear Implant
Understand Speech
without looking at
speaker
Understand Speech
with Speech Reading
Improved
voice
monitoring
Improved speech
reading
Ability to hear soft
sounds
Success Rates:
Auditory
Memory
Number of functioning
Auditory Nerve Fibers
in Cochlea
How long been Deaf
Ability to Speak
before Hearing loss
Age
Continued therapy and
programming sessions
References for Pictures
http://www.hearingclinic.net.au/mhc/content/the_ear.
php
http://universe-revie w.ca/I10-85-cochlea.jpg
http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=familydo
ctor&lic=44&cat_id=192&article_set=34740&ps=
104#
http://www.mayoclinic.org/cochlear-implants/
http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/graphic/2008/04/11/GR20080411
02690.jpg