Transcript Chapter 05 - Mrs.Meyer`s Class

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
Psychology, Eighth Edition
By David G. Myers
Worth Publishers
(2007)
Chapter 5: Sensation
Sensational
The better to
hear you with.
Theories and
Concepts
The Eyes Have It
Amazing!
The Eyes Have It
500
400
300
200
100
The better to hear you with.
500
400
300
200
100
Sensational
500
400
300
200
100
Theories and Concepts
500
400
300
200
100
Amazing!
500
400
300
200
100
1. Cones are different from rods in
that:
•
•
•
•
A) rods respond to color.
B) cones respond to color.
C) cones need less light.
D) B and C are true.
2. The center of the retina is the
___ and has mostly ___.
•
•
•
•
A) fovea; cones
B) fovea; rods
C) blind spot; ganglion cells
D) optic disk; nerves
3. The lens thins or thickens to
focus light in a process known as:
•
•
•
•
A) visual sharpening.
B) lens bending.
C) accommodation.
D) optic chiasm.
4. Weber’s law has to do with the
___ of a stimulus.
•
•
•
•
A) absolute threshold
B) just noticeable difference
C) subliminal threshold
D) sensory adaptation
5. If someone is severely damaged
in the left visual cortex, they
would be unable to see:
•
•
•
•
A) anything in their left eye.
B) anything in their right eye.
C) anything in their right visual field.
D) anything in their left visual field.
6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to
___.
•
•
•
•
A) pitch; loudness
B) loudness; pitch
C) pitch; timbre
D) decibels; hertz
7. The sequence of hearing is in the
order of:
• A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear,
inner ear.
• B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner
ear.
• C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal,
cochlea.
• D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle
ear, cochlea.
8. Normal conversation (60
decibels) is ___ times louder than a
20 decibel whisper.
•
•
•
•
A) 3
B) 10,000
C) 100
D) 3,000
9. The ___ has the sensory receptors
for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like
fibers.
•
•
•
•
A) ear canal
B) stirrup
C) basilar membrane
D) tympanic membrane
10. Nerve deafness:
• A) can be caused by exposure to
amplitude over 80 decibels.
• B) can be corrected by a hearing aid.
• C) is more likely the result of heavy
traffic than by a rock concert.
• D) all of the above.
11. Unlike other senses, the sense
of ___ does not travel to the
thalamus, but goes directly to the
cerebral cortex.
•
•
•
•
A) gustation
B) olfaction
C) vestibular
D) kinesthesia
12. Receptor cells have been
identified for five tastes including
sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___.
•
•
•
•
A) wet; rough
B) hot; bitter
C) spicy; acrid
D) bitter; umami
13. The kinesthetic sense
involves:
• A) the sense of balance or
equilibrium.
• B) the sense of pain.
• C) the location and position of body
parts in relation to each other.
• D) hair-like receptor cells in the
semicircular canals.
14. The gate-control theory has to
do with:
• A) how the brain regulates pain.
• B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel
more acutely.
• C) providing information about body
position and movement.
• D) difference thresholds in the
sense of touch.
15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg
beneath the knee, he often
experiences great pain in his left
foot. This is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) psychosomatic pain.
B) phantom limb pain.
C) substance P overload.
D) ineffective pain gate.
16. Analyzing that begins with the
sensory receptors and works up to the
brain’s integration of data is called:
•
•
•
•
A) sensory processing.
B) bottom-up processing.
C) natural order integration.
D) informational flow.
17. The minimum stimulus necessary
to detect it 50% of the time is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) central tendency.
B) minimum flash point.
C) absolute threshold.
D) sensory half-life.
18. A movie theater’s manager wants to
sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal
advertising during the previews. You tell
him:
• A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work.
• B) he needs to do it several times.
• C) he must accompany it with a bell.
• D) he has to time it differently for it
work on different people.
to
19. According
to the YoungHelmholtz theory, the retina
contains color receptors:
• A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green,
blue/yellow, black/white.
• B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and
blue.
• C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and
yellow.
• D) none of the above.
20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if
a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us
to notice much of a difference, how much
would a $20,000 car have to increase for
us to notice?
•
•
•
•
A) $2,000
B) $200
C) $5,000
D) $1,000
21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural
hearing loss. His best chance of
correcting his hearing is by:
•
•
•
•
A) a hearing aid.
B) using bone conduction.
C) a cochlear implant.
D) any of the above would be
helpful.
22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus
detection depends on experience,
expectations, motivation, and level of
alertness.
•
•
•
•
A) Stimulus-response
B) Choice pattern recognition
C) Signal detection
D) Sensory consolidation
23. In nearsightedness, the light rays
coming into the eye:
•
•
•
•
A) fail to focus in the eye.
B) focus in front of the retina.
C) focus behind the retina.
D) always register as a blur.
24: The blind spot does not normally
impair vision because:
•
•
•
•
A) the eyes are constantly moving
B) what one eye misses the other sees.
C) our brain fills in the spaces.
D) all of the above.
25. Unlike computers, our brain is
able to perform several operations at
once, called:
•
•
•
•
A) sensory redundancy.
B) serial processing.
C) cognitive flow.
D) parallel processing.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Cones are different from rods in
that:
•
•
•
•
A) rods respond to color.
B) cones respond to color.
C) cones need less light.
D) B and C are true.
208
2. The center of the retina is the
___ and has mostly ___.
•
•
•
•
A) fovea; cones
B) fovea; rods
C) blind spot; ganglion cells
D) optic disk; nerves
207
3. The lens thins or thickens to
focus light in a process known as:
•
•
•
•
A) visual sharpening.
B) lens bending.
C) accommodation.
D) optic chiasm.
205
4. Weber’s law has to do with the
___ of a stimulus.
•
•
•
•
A) absolute threshold
B) just noticeable difference
C) subliminal threshold
D) sensory adaptation
202
5. If someone is severely damaged
in the left visual cortex, they
would be unable to see:
•
•
•
•
A) anything in their left eye.
B) anything in their right eye.
C) anything in their right visual field.
D) anything in their left visual field.
208
6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to
___.
•
•
•
•
A) pitch; loudness
B) loudness; pitch
C) pitch; timbre
D) decibels; hertz
216
7. The sequence of hearing is in the
order of:
• A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear,
inner ear.
• B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner
ear.
• C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal,
cochlea.
• D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle
ear, cochlea.
217
8. Normal conversation (60
decibels) is ___ times louder than a
20 decibel whisper.
•
•
•
•
A) 3
B) 10,000
C) 100
D) 3,000
216
9. The ___ has the sensory receptors
for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like
fibers.
•
•
•
•
A) ear canal
B) stirrup
C) basilar membrane
D) tympanic membrane
217
10. Nerve deafness:
• A) can be caused by exposure to
amplitude over 80 decibels.
• B) can be corrected by a hearing aid.
• C) is more likely the result of heavy
traffic than by a rock concert.
• D) all of the above.
216
11. Unlike other senses, the sense
of ___ does not travel to the
thalamus, but goes directly to the
cerebral cortex.
•
•
•
•
A) gustation
B) olfaction
C) vestibular
D) kinesthesia
231
12. Receptor cells have been
identified for five tastes including
sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___.
•
•
•
•
A) wet; rough
B) hot; bitter
C) spicy; acrid
D) bitter; umami
229
13. The kinesthetic sense
involves:
• A) the sense of balance or
equilibrium.
• B) the sense of pain.
• C) the location and position of body
parts in relation to each other.
• D) hair-like receptor cells in the
semicircular canals.
233
14. The gate-control theory has to
do with:
• A) how the brain regulates pain.
• B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel
more acutely.
• C) providing information about body
position and movement.
• D) difference thresholds in the
sense of touch.
227
15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg
beneath the knee, he often
experiences great pain in his left
foot. This is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) psychosomatic pain.
B) phantom limb pain.
C) substance P overload.
D) ineffective pain gate.
227
16. Analyzing that begins with the
sensory receptors and works up to the
brain’s integration of data is called:
•
•
•
•
A) sensory processing.
B) bottom-up processing.
C) natural order integration.
D) informational flow.
197
17. The minimum stimulus necessary
to detect it 50% of the time is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) central tendency.
B) minimum flash point.
C) absolute threshold.
D) sensory half-life.
199
18. A movie theater’s manager wants to
sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal
advertising during the previews. You tell
him:
• A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work.
• B) he needs to do it several times.
• C) he must accompany it with a bell.
• D) he has to time it differently for it
to
work on different people.
201
19. According
to the YoungHelmholtz theory, the retina
contains color receptors:
• A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green,
blue/yellow, black/white.
• B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and
blue.
• C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and
yellow.
• D) none of the above.
198
20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if
a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us
to notice much of a difference, how much
would a $20,000 car have to increase for
us to notice?
•
•
•
•
A) $2,000
B) $200
C) $5,000
D) $1,000
204
21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural
hearing loss. His best chance of
correcting his hearing is by:
•
•
•
•
A) a hearing aid.
B) using bone conduction.
C) a cochlear implant.
D) any of the above would be
helpful.
200
22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus
detection depends on experience,
expectations, motivation, and level of
alertness.
•
•
•
•
A) Stimulus-response
B) Choice pattern recognition
C) Signal detection
D) Sensory consolidation
199
23. In nearsightedness, the light rays
coming into the eye:
•
•
•
•
A) fail to focus in the eye.
B) focus in front of the retina.
C) focus behind the retina.
D) always register as a blur.
206
24: The blind spot does not normally
impair vision because:
•
•
•
•
A) the eyes are constantly moving
B) what one eye misses the other sees.
C) our brain fills in the spaces.
D) all of the above.
207
25. Unlike computers, our brain is
able to perform several operations at
once, called:
•
•
•
•
A) sensory redundancy.
B) serial processing.
C) cognitive flow.
D) parallel processing.
210
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers
(2007)
Answers
1.
B
9.
C
17.
C
2.
A
10.
A
18.
A
3.
C
11.
B
19.
C
4.
B
12.
D
20.
A
5.
C
13.
C
21.
D
6.
A
14.
A
22.
C
7.
D
15.
B
23.
B
8.
B
16.
B
24.
D
25.
D