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PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
Ahmet ERSOY
Occupational Health and Safety Expert
Occupational Health and Safety Institute
Personal Protective Equipments
(General information about PPE)
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Hearing
Sight
Foot
Respiratory
Head
Hand
Body
Responsibilities of workers
 Employers must protect employees from hazards such
as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise
exposures that can cause injury,
 Employers must:
 Use all feasible engineering and work practice
controls to eliminate and reduce hazards
 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the
controls don’t eliminate the hazards.
 PPE is the last level of control!
Personal Protective Equipments
 People used kinds of
PPE during history.
For example:
Knights-armor
Cowboys – leather
leggings
What is PPE?
PPE is defined as any device or
appliance designed to be worn
or held by an individual for
protection against one or more
health and safety hazards;
If . . .
 The work environment can be physically
changed to prevent employee exposure
to the potential hazard,
Then . . .
 The hazard can be eliminated with an
engineering control.
Engineering Controls
Examples . . .
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Initial design specifications
Substitute less harmful material
Change process
Enclose process
Isolate process
Responsibilities
 Employer
 Assess workplace for hazards
 Provide PPE
 Determine when to use
 Provide PPE training for employees and
instruction in proper use
 Employee
 Use PPE in accordance with training received
and other instructions
 Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition
PPE Program
 Includes procedures for selecting, providing
and using PPE
 First -- assess the workplace to determine if
hazards are present, or are likely to be
present, which necessitate the use of PPE
 After selecting PPE, provide training to
employees who are required to use it
Training
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Why it is necessary
How it will protect them
What are its limitations
When and how to wear
How to identify signs of wear
How to clean and disinfect
What is its useful life & how is it
disposed
Legislation
4857 Labour Law
(10.06.2003)
Occupational Health and Safety Issues
( 77 - 89 )

Article77. – Employers have to take all the measures
for occupational health and safety and have to supply
all tools and devices ; workers are responsible to
comply this measures.
DIRECTIVE 89/686/EEC
 DIRECTIVE 89/686/EEC IS
A “NEW APPROACH”
DIRECTIVE
 THE DIRECTIVE DEFINES
“BASIC REQUIREMENTS”
PURPOSE OF THE PPE REGULATION
Regulating the procedures and principles in
relation to the production, importation,
placing on the market, putting into service
and control of ppes used for the protection of
human health and safety as well as in
relation to the users’ and third persons’
safety of life and property against hazards.
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PPEs THAT ARE NOT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF
THIS REGULATION
a) equipment that is specifically used by members of
security forces and the army (helmets, shıelds,
etc.),
b) equipment used for self-defense (sprays),
c) adverse atmospherıc conditıons (caps, shoes and
clothes),
d) against getting wet (dish washing gloves),
heat (gloves),
e) helmets and eye fenders designed for drivers of
two- or three-wheel vehicles.
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PPE REGULATION (CE)
Official Gazette: 09.02.2004 / 25368
89/686/EEC
All the PPE’ s produced and sold have to have CE
marking. Requirements of CE markings are determined
with this regulation.
09.02.2005 started to be implemented.
BASIC HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF
PPE REGULATION
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED IN ALL
PPEs:
SHOULD BE ERGONOMIC
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Levels and classes of protection should be identified
Should provide comfort and effectivity
Should be light and durable
Should contain information to be supplied by the
manifacturer
The PPE itself should not cause hazards, should be
harmless
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CE Marking
 French abbreviation for
“Conformité Européene.”
 Mandatory design review and risk
identification and mitigation process.
 Minimizes product risks to humans,
animals, the environment.
CE Marking
CE Marking
 The European Union (EU) developed CE
marking to harmonize product safety and
health concerns in order to promote trade
within the EU.
 Before CE marking, manufacturers had to
comply with multiple, and often inconsistent,
national product compliance systems.
 CE marking is managed by Directorate
General Enterprise, a body in the European
Commission.
CE Marking
GUIDELINE FOR CATEGORIZATION ACCORDING
TO THEIR RISKS
•
Category-0: Equipment not recognized as ppes. for
example, equipment intended for defence
•
Category-1: Provides protection against low-level
risks. these are simple equipment. for example, eye
protectors and work clothes used in environments wıth
+50°c temperature
•
Category-2: All protectıve clothes. helmets and
hearing protectors
•
Category-3: Provides protection against high-level
risks. for example, fall arrest equipment is of this
group.
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WHAT IS A SAFE PRODUCT?
 A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT
POSE RISK IN NORMAL PERIOD OF
USE AND UNDER NORMAL
CONDITIONS, OR
 THAT POSE RISK AT AN
ACCEPTABLE LEVEL, AND
 THAT MEETS THE BASIC HEALTH
AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SUCH
AS PROTECTING PUBLIC HEALTH
AND ENVIRONMENTAL, PLANT AND
ANIMAL EXISTENCE.
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HOW IS THE SAFETY OF A PRODUCT IS
ASSESSED?
A PRODUCT THAT:
 CONFORMS TO ITS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS,
 CONFORMS TO THE STANDARDS THAT REFER TO
THE NEW APPROACH LEGISLATION THAT
REQUIRES CE MARKING
IS RECOGNIZED AS SAFE.
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CE MARKING
IS NOT A QUALITY BUT
SAFETY MARKING.
CE
ASSURANCE
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CERTIFICATION
Category I
Simple
Design
Category III
Complex
Design
Category II
Technical File
EC Type Examination
EC Quality Control
System for End
Product
Product Quality
Investigation
System
EC Declaration of Conformity
0312
USERS MANUAL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Producer’s or accredited representative’s name
and adress
Information about using ,cleaning, maintenance,
repair, storage, disinfection, of PPE
Protection level and performance test results
that belong to PPE,
Useful life for PPE
Packaging type for appropriate transport
Meanings of marking (ideogram ,pictogram etc) ,
Standart referance number(if needed)
Notified bodie’s name, address, identity number
HEAD PROTECTION
HEAD PROTECTION
Head protection is required whenever
there in a danger of being hit in the head
from flying or propelled objects or falling
objects or materials.
Bumping head against objects, such as
pipes or beams.
Contact with exposed electrical wiring or
components.
HEAD PROTECTION
 How it protect you?

It shows endurance against hits,
 It averts shock hits,
 It shows nonconductive (insulating) property against electrical
shocks,
 It shows protective property against chemicals for head and
shoulders.
HEAD PROTECTION
USING OF HELMET
 Helmets should be used at all zones except
office area.It is imperative.
 Helmets should be worn facing front of the
trenches.
 To ensure full protection of helmets
per fully fit your needs.
 Each day before inserting your helmets,you
should check against cracks.
 Holes should not be opened on the helmets.
HEAD PROTECTION
Maintenance of helmets:
 Under normal conditions, your helmets protect you
for 2 or 3 years.
 Helmets should be cleaned periodically (at least
once a month )
 To clean helmets;
Hold in soapy warm water for 5-10 minutes
Rinse with clean water
Dry
 Corrosive substances and chemical solvents should
not be used for cleaning the helmets.
EYE
PROTECTION
Eye Protection - Why It’s Needed
 Historically, we have between 300 – 500
eye injuries a year.
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Eye Protection - When Is It Needed?
When any of these hazards are
present:
•Dust and other flying particles,
such as metal shavings or
sawdust
•Corrosive gases, vapors, and
liquids
•Molten metal that may splash
•Potentially infectious materials
such as blood or hazardous liquid
chemicals that may splash
•Intense light from welding and
lasers
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Types of Eye
Protection
Safety Glasses
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Eye Protection
Criteria for Selection
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Protects against specific hazard(s)
Comfortable to wear
Does not restrict vision or movement
Durable and easy to clean and disinfect
Does not interfere with the function of
other required PPE
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Eye Protection for Employees
Who Wear Eyeglasses
Ordinary glasses do not provide the required protection
Proper choices include:
• Prescription glasses with side shields and protective lenses
• Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasses without
disturbing the glasses
• Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind
protective lenses
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Safety Glasses
• Made with metal/plastic
safety frames
• Most operations require
side shields
• Used for moderate
impact from particles
produced by jobs such as
carpentry, woodworking,
grinding, and scaling
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Goggles
 Protects eyes and
area around the
eyes from impact,
dust, and splashes.
 Some goggles fit
over corrective
lenses.
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Laser (Welding) Safety Goggles
Protects eyes from intense concentrations
of light produced by lasers.
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Face Shields
 Full face protection.
 Protects face from
dusts and splashes or
sprays of hazardous
liquids.
 Does not protect from
impact hazards.
 Wear safety glasses or
goggles underneath.
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Welding Shields
•Protects eyes against burns
from radiant light
•Protects face and eyes from
flying sparks, metal spatter,
& slag chips produced during
welding, brazing, soldering,
and cutting
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Respiratory Devices
Respiratory Protection
 Dust
 Fog
 Fume
 Gas
Respiratory Protection
 Dust level
 Dust type
 Mask protection type (P1,P2,P3)
Respiratory Protection
 Appropriate filter choice.
 O2 concentration must be high then
%19,5.
 Must be worn without beard and long
muctahce
Respiratory Protection
Using Rules of Mask:
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Must be worn in clear places
Must be taken off with clear hands after the work
Must be keep in clear places
Must be light
Requires less maintaince
Not to fold and store in pocket
Field of vision must be prevent
HEARING
PROTECTION
Hearing Protection – when is it required?
 There are regulations that state when hearing
protection is mandatory; however, a good rule
of thumb is that hearing protection should be
used if you have to shout at someone standing
3 feet away from you to be heard over the noise.
 The two most frequent problems L&I encounters
are people not wearing the hearing protection
when it is required or not wearing it correctly.
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Effects of Noise Exposure
Hearing Loss From Noise Exposure
Hearing loss from noise
exposure is usually not noticed
because it is so gradual.
 Usually a person loses the ability
to hear higher pitches first.
 Often the first noticeable effect
is difficulty in hearing speech.
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Effects of Noise Exposure
• The damage from
exposure to noise
occurs in the inner ear.
• There are tiny hair cells
in this part of the ear
that are flattened out
when exposed to noise.
Damage occurs in this part
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of the ear
Effects of Noise Exposure
 If the exposure is short, the hair cells raise
back up. If the exposure is long or extremely
loud, the hair cells don’t recover and hearing
ability is reduced.
 When all the hair cells are damaged, complete
deafness occurs.
 “People who say they are “used to the noise”
often have already lost some of their hearing.”
Types of Hearing Protection
 The WISHA noise regulations require
that we have at least 2 types of
hearing protection to choose from.
 There are three types of hearing
protection – ear muffs, earplugs and
ear caps.
earmuffs
 Ear muffs and earplugs provide about
equal protection, ear caps somewhat
less.
earplugs
ear caps
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Types of Hearing Protectors
 All hearing protectors are designed to
reduce the intensity (loudness) of noise
to the inner ear.
 They work much better than wads of
cotton or bits of cloth stuffed in the ear.
 All three types have advantages and
disadvantages and people vary on which
they prefer to use.
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Cotton doesn’t
work!!
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Ear Plugs
 Earplugs are made of foam, rubber
or plastic and are either one-sizefits-all or in sizes small, medium
and large.
 Some are disposable, some are
reusable.
 They are lightweight, and require
no maintenance.
 They are inserted into the ear
canal.
Some earplugs have little “handles” for use in
dirty environments.
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Inserting Foam Earplugs
Foam type earplugs are one-size-fits-all and must be
inserted properly into the ear.
Roll earplug into small cylinder first, then insert in ear.
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• The technique for inserting earplugs is
to first, roll the earplug into a small
cylinder, pull the ear up and back, this
opens the ear canal. Push the ear plug
into the ear canal and hold there for a
few seconds until it expands and fills
the ear canal. This will provide the
tightest fit and greatest protection.
Inserting Foam Earplugs
Earplug incorrectly
inserted
Earplug correctly
inserted
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Facts About Earcaps
• Do not have same noise
reduction as earplugs or ear
muffs because they do not
penetrate the ear canal and
the seal is not as tight as
earplugs
• More expensive than
earplugs and disposable tips
are not as readily available
• People tend to use when
dirty like the ones in the
photo
• Not the best choice for a
logging environment
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Attached Earmuffs
 Some muffs are attached to
hardhats or goggles and are
somewhat less protective than
stand alone earmuffs.
 Some high-tech muffs can filter
out certain frequencies or have
radios inside for communication
in high noise areas.
 Earplugs can be worn under
earmuffs for really loud noise
levels
19
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Effects of Noise Exposure Daily
Allowable Exposure Times to Noise
The table below shows noise levels and how long a person can
be exposed without hearing protection before there is damage
to the ear.
Noise Level
Allowable Exposure Time
85 decibels
8 hours
90 decibels
4 hours
100 decibels
1 hour
105 decibels
30 minutes
110 decibels
15 minutes
115 decibels
0 minutes
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Foot Protection
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When Must Foot Protection be
Provided?
When any of these are present:
 Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that
might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet
 Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that
might pierce ordinary shoes
 Molten metal that might splash on feet
 Hot or wet surfaces
 Slippery surfaces
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Safety Shoes
 Impact-resistant toes and
heat-resistant soles protect
against hot surfaces common
in roofing and paving.
 Some have metal insoles to
protect against puncture
wounds.
 May be electrically conductive
for use in explosive
atmospheres, or
nonconductive to protect
from workplace electrical
hazards.
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Training
If employees are required to use PPE, train them:
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
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Why it is necessary
How it will protect them
What are its limitations
When and how to wear
How to identify signs of wear
How to clean and disinfect
What is its useful life & how is
it disposed
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Body Protection
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Major Causes of Body Injuries
 Intense heat
 Splashes of hot metals and other hot
liquids
 Impacts from tools, machinery, and
materials
 Cuts
 Hazardous chemicals
 Radiation
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Body Protection
Criteria for Selection
 Provide protective clothing for parts of the body exposed
to possible injury
 Types of body protection:
•
•
•
•
•
Vests
Aprons
Jackets
Coveralls
Full body suits
Coveralls
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Body Protection
Cooling Vest
Full Body Suit
OSHA Office of Training and Education
Sleeves and Apron
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BODY PROTECTION/COVERALLS
 Should provide comfort of
movement
 Selection and way it
protects wearer vary from
vendor to vendor
Disposable Coveralls
HAND PROTECTION
HAND PROTECTION
 Milled Nitrile
 Use where sense of
touch is a must
 Stand up to
mechanical abuse
 Natural Rubber
 Good pliability over
large temperature
range
 Long term resistance
to chemicals & acids
 Vinyl Coated
 Chemical &
abrasion
resistant
 Use for handling
oils, acids,
caustics, most
solvents
Fall from height
20.07.2015