Transcript Document

Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 59
Topic:
12.5: Middle Ear
Essential Questions:
1. Color code notes and
Picture Bubble Map
Figure 12.9
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Tympanic cavity
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory Tube
Oval window
12.5: Middle Ear
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
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Our Amazing Hearing (4m32s)
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Middle Ear
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• Tympanic cavity air-filled space in temporal bone
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Middle Ear
Auditory ossicles
• 3 small bones that vibrate in response
to ear drum
• Transmit vibrations between the
tympanic membrane and the inner
ear
1. Tympanic membrane vibrates the
malleus
2. Malleus (hammer) vibrates the incus
3. Incus (anvil) vibrates the stapes
4. Stapes (stirrup) vibrates against the
oval window
5. oval window moves fluids in
inner ear which stimulate the hearing
receptors
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
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How the Ear Works (3m25s)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgdqp-oPb1Q
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Middle Ear
Tympanic reflex
•Elicited in about 1/10 of a second following a loud
external sound
•2 small skeletal muscles contract, reducing the
effectiveness in transmitting vibrations to the inner ear
• Reduces pressure from loud sounds that might
otherwise damage the hearing receptors
• BUT, it cannot protect hearing receptors from loud
sounds which occur rapidly
• Ex: explosion, gun shot
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Auditory Tube
Auditory Tube aka Eustachian Tube
•connects middle ear to throat
•Allows air to pass between the
tympanic cavity and the outside of
the body by way of the throat and
mouth
• helps maintain equal pressure on
both sides of tympanic membrane
• Necessary for normal
hearing
• usually closed by valve-like flaps
in throat
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Auditory Tube
•Noticeable during rapid change in altitude
• Ex: High to low altitude
• Air pressure on outside of tympanic membrane increases
• Tympanic membrane is pushed inward, impairing hearing
• Air will force its way up into the middle ear
• This equalizes the pressure on both sides of the tympanic
membrane, moving it back into its rightful position
• Causes a “popping” sound
• Swallowing, yawning, or chewing aid in the opening of the
valves and can hasten equalization of air pressure
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• Create Picture Bubble
Map
• Color code to match
notes
Pg. 58
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 61
Topic:
12.5: Middle Ear
Infections
Essential Questions:
1. What is the major
cause of middle ear
infections?
2. What are some
complications of ear
infections?
12.5: Middle Ear Infections
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
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Otitis Media “Ear Infection”
Otitis Media aka “Middle ear infection”
•Fluid builds up in middle ear
•Breeding ground for bacteria, which
causes infection
•How? The mucous membranes that line the
auditory tubes connect with the linings of the
middle ear which creates a conduit for
bacteria infecting the throat or nasal passages
• Greater in young children
• Usually treated with antibiotics
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Pg. 61
Otitis Media
Symptoms Causes
Consequences
Treatment
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Symptoms
Ear Infection Symptoms
• The main warning sign of infection is sharp ear pain.
• You may be especially uncomfortable lying down, so you might
have a hard time sleeping. Other problems to look for:
•Trouble hearing
•Fever
•Fluid oozing from ears
•Dizziness
•Stuffy nose
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Causes
Fluid in the Ear
• If the Eustachian (auditory) tube gets blocked, fluid builds up inside middle ear.
• This makes the perfect breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, which can cause
infections.
• Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope, which can blow a puff of
air to make his eardrum vibrate. If the eardrum doesn’t vibrate as much as it
should, chances are there’s fluid inside.
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Possible Consequences
1. Bursting an Eardrum
• If too much fluid or pressure builds up inside your middle ear, the eardrum can
actually burst (shown here).
• If that happens, you may see yellow, brown, or white fluid draining from the ear.
• Although this sounds scary, the eardrum usually heals itself in a couple of
weeks.
• Unless it happens a lot, your hearing should be fine. The good news is that the
pain may suddenly disappear because the hole lets the pressure go
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2. Hearing Loss
• If ear infections keep coming back, they can scar his eardrums and lead to hearing
loss, speech problems, or even meningitis.
• If a person suffers from infections often, they might want to have their hearing
tested just in case.
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Treatment Options
1. Antibiotics
• using antibiotics both topical and oral
can provide you relief from earache
by fighting the infection, as they stop
swelling and itching of the ear.
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Treatment Options
2. Myringotomy- An incision is made in
the tympanic membrane
• Tympanostomy tubes aka “ear tubes”
are Inserted into affected ears
during surgery
• Form a small tunnel so ears can
drain
• Tubes usually fall out on their own
• Hopefully the child has outgrown
the susceptibility to ear infections
*This is only used in cases
of chronic ear infections
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Tympanostomy Tubes
1m 34s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFLRR1j9Ps4
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Tonsils Can Be the Cause
• Sometimes a child’s tonsils get so swollen that they put pressure on the Eustachian
tubes connecting her middle ear to her throat -- which then causes infections.
• If that keeps happening, the tonsils may have to be taken out
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Use the video and the “All About
Ear Infections” reading to add to
your Otitis Media Tree-Map
• DON’T forget to add pictures!
• I want a FULL Tree-Map
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Otitis Media Video
4m30s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBobShigoFk
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