Transcript The Special Senses

The Special Senses
Dr. Walid Daoud
Assistant Professor
The Special Senses
They are highly specialized sense
organs:
1- Vision.
2- Hearing.
3- Taste.
4- Olfaction.
5- Touch
Anatomy of The Eye
The eye is the sense organ of vision.
A globe-shape organ (3 layers):
- Sclera: outermost fibrous layer.
- Choroid: middle layer vascular layer.
- Retina: innermost layer nervous layer. -
Anatomy of The Eye
- Cornea.
- Aqueous humor.
- Anterior chamber.
- Posterior chamber.
- Iris.
- Pupil.
- Lens.
- Ciliary muscle.
- Vitreous humor.
- Optic nerve.
- Optic disc.
The Front of The Eye
1- Eye lids.
2- Lacrimal glands.
3- Canthi.
4- Lacrimal canaliculi.
Anatomy of The Ear
The ear is the sense organ of hearing.
1- External ear:
. Auricle or ear pinna.
. Ear canal.
. Tympanic membrane or ear drum.
2- Middle ear:
. 3 ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes.
3- Inner ear:
. Cochlea, semicircular canal, vestibule.
Disorders of The Eye
Errors of refraction (ametropia):
1- Myopia.
2- Hypermetropia.
3- Astigmatism.
Disorders of The Eye
Cataracts
Cataract is an opacity that forms on the lens
or its capsule leading to loss of vision.
Cataract removal either by:
1- Cryoextraction.
Or 2- Intracapsular cataract extraction.
Disorders of The Eye
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an increase in the intraocular
pressure due to atrophy of optic nerve and
may result in blindness.
Treatment:
- Miotics.
- Surgery: paracentesis of the cornea.
partial iridectomy
iridodialysis.
Disorders of The Eye
Strabismus
The eyes turn from the normal position
and are not aimed in the same direction.
- Exotropia.
- Esotropia.
Disorders of The Ear
Otitis Media
It is infection of the middle ear:
- Otodynia.
- Otopyorrhea.
- Myringorrhexis.
Treatment is by analgesics, antibiotics or
myrigotomy.
Disorders of The Ear
Otosclerosis
It is hardening of spongy bone around the
oval window and the stapes is unable to
move the oval window (ankylosis)
causing hearing loss.
Treated by stapedectomy.
WR/CF Related To The Eye
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
ambly/o
aque/o
blephar/o
chroid/o
cycl/o
dacry/o
dacryoaden/o
emmetr/o
dull or dim
water
eyelid
choroid
ciliary body
tear
tear gland
correct
ambly/opia
aque/ous
blephar/edema
chroid/it is
cycl/o/dialysis
dacry/o/rrhea
dacryoadeno/ectomy
emmetr/opia
WR/CF Related To The Eye
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
irid/o
kerat/o
lacrim/o
opthalm/o
pupll/o
retin/o
scler/o
vitre/o
iris
cornea
lacrimal duct
eye
pupil
retina
sclera, hard
vitreous humor
irid/ectomy
kerat/o/cele
lacrim/a/tion
opthalm/o/logist
pupill/o/meter
retin/al
scler/it is
vitre/ous
WR/CF Related To The Ear
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
audi/o
labyrinth/o
mastoid/o
ot/o
presby/o
salping/o
hearing
Inner ear
mastoid process
ear
old age
Eustachian tube,
oviduct
stapes
ear drum
audi/o/meter
labyrinth/itis
mastoid/itis
ot/o/scope
presby/cusis
salping/itis
staped/o
myring/o
staped/ectomy
tympan/o/plasty
Suffixes Related To The Eye
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-opia
vision
emmetr/opia
-o/tropia
turning
ex/o/tropia
-opsi
vision
heter/opsia
Suffixes Related To The Ear
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-cusis
hearing
ana/cusis
-o/mycosis
fungal infection
ot/o/mycosis
-o/pyorrhea
purulent (pus)
discharge
ot/o/pyorrhea
Surgical and Other Terms
Related To The Special Senses
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Answer Worksheets 1-6
Page 314 - 323