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THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
(homereading
A. Nesvit, form IX)
Prepared by
Kravchuk I.M.
School 5
Rivne
Great Barrier
Barrier Reef
is the
largest coral
reef coral reef
TheThe
Great
Reef
is world's
the world's
largest
systemcomposed of
2,900
individual
reefs and
900 and 900
systemcomposed
ofover
over
2,900
individual
reefs
islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) over an
islands
stretching for over 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi)
area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq
over
anThe
area
approximately
square
kilometres
mi).
reefof
is located
in the Coral344,400
Sea, off the
coast of
(133,000
sq mi).
The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off
Queensland,
Australia.
the coast of Queensland, Australia.
The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and
world's
biggest
single
structure
by living
organisms
The Great
Barrier
Reef can
be seen made
from outer
space and
is the
world's biggest single structure made by living organisms
This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of
tiny organisms, known as coral polyps.
It supports a wide diversity of life and was selected
as a World Heritage Site in 1981.
CNN labeled it one of the seven natural wonders of the
world. The Queensland National Trust named it a state
icon of Queensland.
A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park, which helps to limit the impact of
human use, such as fishing and tourism.
Other environmental pressures on the reef and its
ecosystem include runoff, climate change accompanied by
mass coral bleaching, and cyclic population outbreaks of
the crown-of-thorns starfish. According to a study
published on 1 October 2012 by the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, the reef has lost more than
half its coral cover since 1985.
The reef is a very popular
destination for tourists, especially
in the Whitsunday Islands and
Cairns regions. Tourism is an
important economic activity for
the region, generating $1 billion
per year.
- Have you ever seen corals?
- What do you know about them?
The Great Barrier Reef consists of more than
3,400 individual reefs and 700 islands stretching a
distance of 2,300 km from Torres Strait to Lady Elliot
Island. With the continental shelf not far below the
ocean’s surface, and washed by the warm waters of
the South Pacific Ocean, the perfect environment was
created for the world’s largest system of coral reefs.
The conditions and water temperature are ideal for
colonies of Liny coral polyps. They create this unique
marine environment where the most colourful of the
sea’s life forms live so close to the surface that most
can be easily observed.
Beneath the turquoise tropical waters there is a
world of activity as millions of tiny animals live out
their lives building the reef. Corals are among the
most beautiful of marine organisms.
When they colonise a site, they develop the colours
and complex structures for which the reef is
renowncd. Corals are simple, primitive organisms that
have lived in tropicid seas for about 500 million years.
While the size, shape and colour of coral
formations ary immensely, they are all the work of
one type of reature. Just as beautiful as the coral of
the reef are the plants and animals that live there.
About 1,500 species of fish are known to live in the
reef region, and a half of them may be seen on a
single reef.
The islands of the reef are of two main types:
‘low islands’ and ‘continental islands’ . Low islands are
the coral cays formed by the accumulation of sand
and coral parts.
Examples are Green Island and Heron Island.
Continental islands are the inn: ; of the mainland that
have been cut off by the changes in the sea level, and
some lie quite close to the coast and rise from the water.
Most have coral reefs around and are thickly vegetated.
The shorelines of some continental islands have white
sandy beaches and others are bordered by uangroves.
The islands of the Whitsunday Group are among these
continental islands.
The waters of the Great Barrier Reef were declared
the Marine Park in 1975, helping to maintain and
conserve a unique and particxdarly beautiful natural
wonder. The Marine Park Authority limits human Activity
on the reef and allocates areas for a specific range of
activities. This careful management of one of the
wonders of the world will it will be hen1 for future
generations to enjoy.
(Taken from Aroiiml Anslrnll)
Choose the correct words from the text to complete the
sentences.
1. The conditions and water temperature are ideal for
colonies o f ..... coral polyps.
2. Corals are among the most beautiful o f organisms.
3. They develop the colours and complex structures for
which the reef is .......
4. While the size, shape and colour of coral
formations............ , they are all the work of one type o
f .......
5. Low islands are the coral...... formed b y of sand and
coral parts.
6. Continental islands are ...... of the mainland that
have been cut off by the changes in the sea level.
7. The Marine Park Authority limits human activity on
the reef and..... areas for a specific range of activities.
Find the words in the story to talk about:
• the world’s largest system of coral reefs;
• types of coral islands;
• the Marine Park.
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1. How many reefs and inlands does the Great Barrier Ree
consist of?
2. What conditions are ideal for colonies of tiny coral poly
3. What are the main types of the Islands of the reef?
4. What is the Marine Park?
Read and say if the statements are true or false.
The Great Barrier Reef consists of more than 3,400
individual reefs and 700 islands stretching a distance of
2,300 km.
Corals are among the most colourful of marine organisms.
Corals are simple, primitive organisms that have lived in
tropical seas for about 2 million years.
Just as beautiful as the coral of the reef are the plants
and animals that live there.
About 100 species of fish are known to live in the reef
region, and a half of them may be seen on a single reef.
The islands of the reef are of two main types: ‘low islands’
and ‘continental islands’ .
Some continental islands lie far from the coast and rise
from the water.
The Marine Park Authority limits human activity on the
reef and allocates areas for a specific range of activities.
Complete the sentences given below.
1. The Great Barrier Reef consists o f .......
2. With the continental shelf not far below the ocean’s
surface.......
3. Corals a re .......
4. About 1,500 species of fish.......
5. The islands of the reef are of two main types.......
6. ....... are bordered by mangroves.
7. ....... were declared the Marine Park in 1975.
You are a journalist and your classmate is a representativ
of the Marine Park Authorities. Make an interview using th
information from the text. Role-play the interview in class.