Transcript Migrations in the Sea PPT

Objectives
To investigate the migratory pathways of marine animals.
To compare and contrast migratory movements of
different marine animals.
To reinforce mapping and plotting skills by plotting
sample animal movement data.
To consider the environmental needs of marine animals
and how they are met.
Migratory behavior patterns for humpback and
gray whales in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
 1. a. The location at the
start of their Journeys.
 b. The differences in
activities at winter and
summer sites.
 c. The general direction of
travel.
 d. The maximum total
distance traveled during
the migration.
 Plot the Data
Using the two maps, compare and contrast the
loggerhead turtle route with the albatross (sea bird)
route.
Sea Bird
Turtle
4. Animals may not stay in one location in the ocean.
Food
Oxygen
 Sea turtles eat invertebrates
 Turtles, albatross and whales
(animals without backbones)
such as jelly fish, sponges, crabs,
mussels, and seaweed.
 Seabirds, such as the albatross,
eat mostly squid and fish eggs.
 Baleen whales (like the Gray and
Humpback eat tiny invertebrates
such as krill and zooplankton.
Toothed whales and seals tend
to eat fish and squid.
are air breathing, just like
humans the turtles and
whales must surface to get air.
 Fish breathe through gills,
which are made of a series of
membranes that allow them
to extract oxygen from water
by diffusion.
Human affect on turtles, seabirds,
and marine mammals.
 Fishing: Turtles seabirds, and marine mammals can
become entangled in fishing nets and lines, causing
them to drown because of all of these animals are airbreathing.
 Coastal Development: Human construction, including
lights, beachfront houses, hotels and furniture, as well
as jetties and piers, are detrimental to turtle nesting.
 If nesting is ineffective, then populations cannot thrive
or be restored. Sea turtles think lights are the moon
and they are drawn away from the ocean.
Human affect on turtles, seabirds,
and marine mammals.
 Pollution: Pollution leads to contaminated water and
food, and may reduce populations numbers due to
illness. Plastics are a big problem for many marine
animals as the ingest them and then cannot eat or get
the adequate nutrition they need.
 Whaling/Poaching: In some regions, whaling is still
legal. Se turtle eggs are a delicacy in some places.
Seals are sometimes killed because the compete with
fisherman. Albatross used to be killed for their
feathers.
Human affect on turtles, seabirds,
and marine mammals.
 Conservation: Conservation efforts, such as the
Endangered Species Act, and recovery plans, attempt
to reverse some of the negative impacts on marine
animal populations.
 National Marine Sanctuaries and other areas work to
protect habitats. Fishers are changing their fishing
practices to reduce by-catch. (when animals other
than those sought are caught)
 Shipping: Whales, particularly slower ones like the
Right whale, are struck by ships and become injured.
6. Factors Effecting Marine Animal Movements
FACTORS
Landforms
(above or below the ocean
surface, shorelines)
EFFECTS ON MARINE
ANIMAL MOVEMENTS
Some animals (seabirds,
sea turtles, seals sea
lions) need landforms
for shelter, or they
require sandy beaches
or rocky shores for
certain life stages ( egg
laying or breeding)
Food
(types, location)
Animals need to follow
the food.
Temperature
(water, air)
Every species of living
thing can only survive
in certain temperature
ranges. Temperature
also affects food
availability.
QUESTIONS WE HAVE
Are there landforms
under water?
Do animals run into
these landforms?
What do sea turtles
eat? Is there food every
where in the ocean?
Do whales get hot and
cold?
Do sea mammals have a
preference for warm or
cold water?
Human affect
on turtles,
seabirds, and
marine
mammals.
Fishing
Coastal
Development
Pollution
Whaling/Poaching
Conservation
Shipping
Coping with environmental factors.
Landforms
Food
Temperature
 How do you think each of these factors
could change over time in the ocean?
 Which of these factors do you think
change seasonally? Why?
Landforms
In general, form
over very long
periods of time,
like millions of
years.
Food
Changes seasonally,
and can also vary in
a matter of days.
Temperature
Water temperature changes
more slowly than air
temperature, but can
change significantly over
the course of a month or
so.
Seasonal
Factors
Water temperature
changes with
seasons due to the
tilt of the earth on
its axis.
Food also changes
seasonally because
phytoplankton need
sunlight and
nutrients in order to
do photosynthesis.