Transcript oceanlifestylescosee1

In Ocean Zones
Lifestyles
In The Zone
Lifestyles
Explanation:
This Power Point is included in this
presentation as a review of basic
terminology and information.
Ocean Zones
(shoreline to open ocean)
Intertidal Zone
 Neritic Zone
 Oceanic Zone
 Benthic Zone

Intertidal Neritic
Zone
Zone
Continental
Shelf
Oceanic Zone
Sunlight
Benthic Zone
Intertidal Zone

Intertidal
Zone
Continental
Shelf

Area between
high tide line
and low tide line
Organisms
adapted to
harsh, changing
environments
Neritic Zone

Neritic
Zone
Continental
Shelf

Area over the
continental
shelf
Area of
greatest
density and
diversity of
marine life
Oceanic Zone
Oceanic
Zone

Continental
Shelf
From the
continental
break out to
open ocean
Benthic Zone
The Ocean
Floor
 Underlies all
the other
zones

Benthic Zone
Ocean Zones
(surface to ocean floor)
Epipelagic Zone
• Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
• Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
• Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
• Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone
Hadopelagic Zone
• Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone
Epipelagic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
0
200
1000
Bathypelagic Zone
4000
Abyssopelagic Zone
6000
Hadopelagic Zone
11,000
Epipelagic Zone


Epipelagic Zone
Sunlight Zone
0m
200m
Photic Zone


Photic Zone
Enough sunlight
for
photosynthesis
Primary area of
food production
From surface
down to about
200 meters
Epipelagic Organisms



Humpback whale
Hammerhead
Shark
Leatherback Turtle

Tuna

Mola

Sea Otter
Epi- Adaptations




Streamlined shape
Countershading
Blowhole on top
Swim bladder- change buoyancy
Mesopelagic Zone


Mesopelagic Zone
200m
1,000m

Dysphotic Zone
Not enough
sunlight to
support
photosynthesis
From about
200 m down to
1,000 m
Mesopelagic Organisms

Swordfish

Opah

Cuttlefish

Orange Roughy

Lantern fish

Vampire Squid
Midnight Zones


1,000m
Midnight Zone

11,000m
No sunlight
From 1,000 m
down to ocean
floor, or
around
11,000 m
Low density
and diversity
of marine life
Bathypelagic Zone


Bathypelagic Zone
1,000m
4,000m

No sunlight
From 1,000 m
down to
4,000 m
Low density
and diversity
of marine life
Mid level Adaptations

Depend on other senses beside vision
Lateral line

Bioluminescence




Large eyes
Echolocation
Transparent bodies or black/red
bodies
Functions of Bioluminescence






Headlight (lantern fish)
Social interaction
Lures to attract prey (angler fish)
Counter-illumination (dappling confuses)
Bright flashes and blobs ejected confuse
predators/prey- act as decoys
“burglar alarm”; illuminate predator so larger
predator will be drawn to it
Bathypelagic Organisms

Basket Star

Gulper eel

Viper fish

Yeti Crab

Colossal Squid

Dumbo Octopus

Pacific Blackdragon

Patagonian
Toothfish
Abyssopelagic Zone


Abyssopelagic Zone
4,000m
6,000m

No sunlight
From
4,000 m
down to
7,000 m
Low density
and diversity
of marine life
Abyssopelagic Organisms

Fangtooth Fish

Tripod Fish

Sea Pig
Deep Sea Adaptations






Bioluminescence- lures, detect prey
Capable of going a long time w/o
eating
Large mouth with expandable jaw
and stomach to feast
Teeth point in- no escape!
Don’t HUNT- too much energy
Antifreeze in blood to keep it flowing!
Hadalpelagic Zone



Hadopelagic Zone
6,000m
11,000m
No sunlight
From 6,000 m
down to ocean
floor, or
around
11,000 m
Low density
and diversity
of marine life
Hadalpelagic Organisms

Bacteria

Tube Worms

Hadal Amphipod

Snail fish
Deep Adaptation

Water , gelatinous muscles, low
protein content- less energy for
maintenance
Lifestyles

3 Basic Lifestyles:
•Plankton
•Nekton
•Benthos
Plankton
Floaters or very poor
swimmers
 Plankton divided into 2
groups:
•Phytoplankton – producers,
photosynthesizers
•Zooplankton – consumers

Phytoplankton



Must live in the
photic zone
Most abundant in
shallow coastal
areas or in
upwelling zones
The basis of the
oceanic food web
Phytoplankton




Cyanobacteria
Diatoms
Coccolithophores
Dinoflagellates
Zooplankton
Foraminifers
 Radiolarians
 Cnidarians
 Combjellies
 Arthropods
 Larvae

Zooplankton
Plankton

Meroplankton
• Spend only part of their life cycles as
plankton
• Are the larval stages of organisms that
grow to become benthic or nektonic
organisms

Holoplankton
• Spend their entire life cycles as plankton
Nekton
(swimmers)
Free swimmers
 Maneuver actively in the
water column
 Found in the water column
from surface to ocean floor

Nekton
(swimmers)

5 Categories:
• Reptiles
• Mammals
• Fish
• Arthropods
• Mollusks
Nekton
(swimmers)

Marine
Reptiles:
•Turtles
•Snakes
•Crocodiles
•Iguanas
Nekton
(swimmers)

Marine
Mammals:
• Whales
• Seals
• Otters
• Manatees
• Dolphins
Nekton
(swimmers)

Bony Fish:
•Tuna
•Barracuda
•Eels
•Angler Fish
Nekton
(swimmers)

Cartilaginous
Fish
•Sharks
•Rays
•Skates
Nekton
(swimmers)

Marine
Arthropods
•Shrimp

Mollusks
•Squid
•Octopi
Benthos
(bottom dwellers)
Live either on or attached to
the bottom
 Primarily filter feeders or
scavengers

Benthos
(bottom dwellers)

2 Basic Types:
•Sessile - Live attached to
the bottom
•Vagrant - Able to move
about
Benthos
(bottom dwellers)

Sessile:
• Barnacles
• Sponges
• Corals
• Sea Anemones
• Oysters
• Clams
Benthos
(bottom dwellers)

Vagrant:
• Crabs
• Sea Stars
• Sea
Cucumbers
• Sea Urchins
• Brittle Stars
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?
What Am I?