Transcript K Worcester presentation

Central Coast Ambient Monitoring
Program
The Land to Sea Connection: Water quality
impacts on watershed and ocean health
Central Coast Water Board
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Monterey Bay
CCAMP Coastal
Confluence
Monitoring
Measuring watershed outputs to
the ocean
Santa Maria
river mouth
Santa Barbara Channel
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Coastal Confluence trend monitoring
Santa Maria River – Nitrate (mL as N)
60
50
40
30
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
0
2000
20
10
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Data Benefits for MPAs?
Marine Protected
Areas and CCAMP
Coastal Confluences
Marine Protected Areas
CCAMP Coastal Confluence Sites
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Typical pollutants found in
surface runoff to the ocean
Nutrients
Pathogens
Sediment
Metals
Pesticides and PCBs
Petroleum hydrocarbons
Other substances, such as phthalates,
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs)
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Nutrients
Nitrogen forms, phosphate, silicate
Large loads of some nutrients are
discharged from agricultural river
mouths
Annual nitrate loadings can exceed a
650,000 kg; urea can exceed 20,000 kg
(CCLEAN)
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Nitrate averages (mg/l as N), north
to south
CCAMP Coastal Confluences Data
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Nitrate
% Exceedance of Drinking Water Standard
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Nitrate on SLO Coast
% exceedance of drinking water standard
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Eutrophication
Algal blooms alter habitat, create
nuisance
Blue-green algal blooms implicated in
recent sea otter deaths
Fish kills result from depressed oxygen
concentrations
Nitrate can be present at levels that
also cause toxicity to aquatic life
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Domoic Acid
Poisoning
Pseudo-nitschia has complex
nutrient dynamics involving silica,
iron, nitrate, urea and other
nutrients
Current research indicates
anthropogenic nitrate and urea
inputs exacerbate blooms and
toxicity (R. Kudela and others)
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It is still unclear to what extent sources from
the land play an impact in marine nutrient
dynamics
Long-term Ecological Research Program
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
U.C. Santa Cruz
Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research
Reserve
San Luis Obispo Science and Ecosystem
Alliance (SLOSEA)
Central Coast Long-term Environmental
Assessment Program (CCLEAN)
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Scott Creek
Pajaro River
Aptos Creek
Soquel Creek
San Lorenzo River
Rincon Creek
Carpinteria Creek
Franklin Creek
Mission Creek
Arroyo Burro Creek
Atascadero Creek
Canada de la Gaviota
Santa Ynez River
San Antonio Creek
Santa Maria River
Arroyo Grande Creek
Pismo Creek
San Luis Obispo Creek
Chorro Creek
Santa Rosa Creek
120.00
San Simeon Creek
Arroyo de la Cruz Creek
Willow Creek
Big Creek
Big Sur River
Carmel River
Salinas River
Old Salinas River
Tembladero Slough
Pounds Applied Per Acre
Gazos Creek
DPR 1999
Waddell Creek
Average NO3 (mg/l)
160.00
avg NO3
lbs/acre
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100.00
80.00
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60.00
40.00
10
5
0.00
Applied pesticides (lbs/acre)
Pesticides and other Chemicals
Pounds/acre applied to
Coastal Confluence
Watersheds, North to
South
140.00
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20.00
0
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Toxicity in the lower Santa Maria watershed
% of Samples
that are toxic
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SC 02
SC 07
SC 10
SC 15
SC 18
SC 23
ML 06
ML 14
ML 22
ML 26
ML 04
ML 30
MT 08
MT 12
MT 16
MT 20
MT 24
MT 28
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SL 01
SL 05
SL 09
SL 17
SL 21
SL 25
SB 03
SB 11
SB 13
SB 19
SB 27
SB 29
Total Chlordane (ng/g)
Legacy chemicals in sediment
From CCAMP Harbor Report, www.CCAMP.org
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ERM (6 ng/g)
ERL (2 ng/g)
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14
12
10
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6
4
2
0
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0
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Santa Barbara Main
Beach Average
Arroyo Burro Beach
Average
Surf Beach Average
Gaviota Beach Average
Jalama Average
Sands Beach Average
San Antonio Cr. Beach
Average
Santa Maria R. Beach
Average
Guadalupe Beach Average
Pismo Beach Average
Shell Beach Average
Avila Beach Average
Port of SLO Harbor
Average
Carmel Beach Average
Salinas R. Mouth Average
Elkhorn Sl. Mouth
Average
Santa Cruz Main Beach
Average
Scott Cr. Beach Average
DDT (ug/kg) in sand crabs
(Northern Santa Cruz County to Santa Barbara County, UCSB 2002)
TOTAL DDTs
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
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Bioaccumulation of
Chemicals
Perfluorinated chemicals have
been associated with sea otter
disease (Kannon, et al, 2006)
PCBs and PBDEs have been
associated with sea otter disease
(CDFG, U.C. Davis and CCLEAN, 2007)
SLOSEA has found 4-nonylphenol
in fish tissue in marine waters
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Pathogens
• Discharged from
surface runoff and
sewage sources
• Serve as sources
of infection for
humans and
marine mammals
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Beach Closures
Dry season sampling mandated on
beaches with greater than 50,000
visitations per year
San Luis Obispo County Environmental
Health Department monitors for fecal
coliform and Enterococcus at 19 sites
on a weekly basis year-round
www.healthebay.org
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Fecal Coliform
% Exceedance of Water Body Contact Standard
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Sea Otters and Pathogens
Sea otters are excellent sentinels of marine
water quality health
Recent mortality rates have been very high
Recent research has shown the proportion
of sea otters dying from infectious disease
has increased in recent years to over 45%
Several of the diseases of concern have
implications for human health
CDFG Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research
Center and U.C. Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
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Protozoal diseases
Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis,
Cryptosporidium, and Giardia
Several associated with areas
of high freshwater inflow
• Oocysts resistant to
chlorination
• Oocysts concentrated in
shellfish
• Domestic and introduced
species are sources
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Bacterial Diseases
Salmonella, Vibrio,
Campylobacter, and
others isolated in sea
otters
Several species associated with physical
symptoms and death
Some strains identical to human
Risk factors for uptake by mussels include
precipitation and sewage sources
Risk factors for otters include fresh water
flow and increasing population density
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What can be done about all of
these problems?
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Central Coast Irrigated
Agriculture Program
Education
Implementation of
Management Practices
Monitoring
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Planning to use Nutrient
Budget to determine
application rates
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Chlorpyrifos
applications by
Cropping Operation
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Other new efforts
New AB 885 septic requirements
Timelines for upgrades to WWTPs with
waivers of full secondary treatment
Grant funds for storm water
infrastructure and maintenance of
sewage infrastructure
Large grants for implementing Integrated
Regional Watershed Management
New non-point source policy makes all
discharges subject to regulation
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Low Impact Development
Matt Thompson will discuss in detail…
Makes
this…
Function more
like this…
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Recent Increases to CCAMP
Endowment
Increased site coverage
Addition of metals to monthly suite
More comprehensive coverage of
toxicity and bioassessment
Riparian health assessment
“Follow-up” monitoring budget, to solve
problems and learn about emerging
problems
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Other Upcoming CCAMP Work…
Linking water quality trends to land use
management
Long term sediment toxicity and
chemistry trend monitoring
Developing pollutant loading estimates
to the ocean
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Santa Maria
Pt. Conception
Goleta
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Santa Maria
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Estimating loads from coastal
confluences to ocean
Model has supported loading calculations for
CCLEAN and several U.C. Davis marine mammal
research projects
Collaboration with Dr. Jon Largier at U.C. Davis
will improve the model (by including current
and wind data)
Link impacts from watersheds to the ocean
environment, and link our activities to those of
folks working more directly in the ocean
environment.
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Karen Worcester
[email protected]
(805) 549-3333
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