Transcript Using GLOBCOLOUR and MEDSPIRATION products to investigate

Using GLOBCOLOUR and
MEDSPIRATION products to
investigate marine animal migrations
as part of the DIVERSITY project
Philippe Gaspar
CLS
Satellite Oceanography Division
MEMMS Team
(Marine Ecosystem Modeling and Monitoring by Satellites)
Slide 1
ESA DUE DIVERSITY
OBJECTIVE
Defining & demonstrating EO-based products & services for
the user community involved in the implementation of the
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
FOCUS AREA
 Central America + Caribbean Sea and Tropical East Pacific
CHAMPION USERS
 UNESCO (Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences)
 Comisión Centro-Americana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD)
 CBD Secretariat
 MarViva : NGO promoting the safeguarding and creation of
Marine Protected Areas in Latin America and the Caribbean
 Malpelo Fundacion : the organisation representing MarViva in
Colombia – Focusses on Malpelo Island biodiversity protection
Slide 2
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
1) LAND COVER
 Dry-land biodiversity indicators
 Maps of mesoamerican biological corridors
2) CORAL REEFS
 Maps of intact/bleaching coral
 Maps of relevant environmental information : sea water
quality & land sources of marine pollution
3) MANGROVE
 Maps of mangrove areas
 Maps of changes in mangrove areas
4) MARINE WILDLIFE MIGRATION AREAS
Slide 3
INVESTIGATING MARINE WILDLIFE MIGRATIONS
MIGRATION = Change of habitat
 Identify Habitat 1 – Route – Habitat 2
 Investigate how these are linked to oceanic conditions ?
OCEAN
OCEAN
Breeding
Breeding/spawning
spawning
habitat
Foraging habitat
Foraging
PURPOSE
 Precisely locate habitats to be able to protect them
 Evaluate how ocean/climate changes are likely to affect habitats
and hence population (stock) evolution
Slide 4
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
1) During demonstration phase (Nov 2007 – June 2008) : provide to
champion users NRT satellite oceanography data to support
THEIR investigations on Wildlife migrations in the Tropical East
Pacific Corridor (TEPC)
2) Perform a “prototype” investigation in collaboration with the
users & based on user-provided animal tracking data
Malpelo
Extended Data
Coverage (EDC)
20°N - 20°S
120°W –Coastline
Slide 5
SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY DATA
Historical data :
Jan 2006 Oct. 2007
Near Real-Time data : Nov. 2007  June 2008
SST
NRT : Dedicated daily MEDSPIRATION product over the EDC area
Historical : UKMO GHRSTT data (OSTIA)
OCEAN COLOR
NRT : Chl-a (type I) from (prototype) GLOBCOLOUR processing
chain developed & operated by ACRI
Historical : forthcoming GLOBCOLOUR Chl-a reanalysis
OCEAN CURRENTS
NRT & Historical : altimeter-derived surface current product
(SURCOUF) from CLS
Slide 6
ANIMAL TRACKING DATA
EULERIAN OBSERVATIONS
= observations of marine animals at a fixed geographic location
 Observations by divers (species, behaviors, abundance)
 Acoustic (sonar) data : abundance & vertical distribution of
biomass
LAGRANGIAN OBSERVATIONS
= observations “following” marine animals
Biologgers = electronic devices (tags) attached to marine
animals with positioning & data acquisition capabilities. ( +
satellite data transmission)
2 main types of “lagrangian” tags
 Satellite positioning
 Light positioning
Slide 7
TAGS WITH SATELLITE POSITIONING
SATELLITE POSITIONING
 Available only for surfacing (air-breathing) animals
 Accurate (ARGOS, GPS)
 Satellite data transmission is generally used (ARGOS)
USUAL TAG MEASUREMENTS
 Time, position, temperature, depth
Slide 8
TAGS WITH LIGHT POSITIONING (1/2)
LIGHT-BASED POSITIONING
 Presently the main positioning technique for non-surfacing
animals
Estimate sunrise & sunset time to
get a position
• Longitude error ~1°
• Latitude error ~ 3 to 5°, worse
near the equator and equinoxes
Slide 9
TAGS WITH LIGHT POSITIONING (2/2)
USUAL TAG MEASUREMENTS
 Time, light-level, temperature, depth
POP-UP
TAG
Slide 10
LEATHERBACK TURTLE TRACKING (1/2)
ORIGINAL PLAN
 27 female ltb Argos-tracked in 2005 – 2006 the TEPC from
their nesting beaches in Costa Rica
 Data use restricted by data owner
A PITY…….
 A “large” pluri-annal data set with precise
positioning
 Ltb spend most of their time in the upper oceanic
layer (> 50% above 50 m)
their behavior is linked with surface oceanic
conditions
 Forages at low trophic levels (salps, jelly fishes)
 “short” link to plankton and chl-a
Slide 11
LEATHERBACK TURTLE TRACKING (2/2)
Slide 12
SUPPORTING MALPELO FUNDACION
INVESTIGATIONS ON SHARK MIGRATIONS
Malpelo Fauna & Flora Sanctuary : a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Malpelo Fundacion research program on sharks :
Determine the habitat use, local and regional movements of sharks in
the Mapelo FFS using satellite (and acoustic) telemetry.
Objective : define effective management strategies to protect sharks
during key moments of their life cycle such as reproduction and
breeding.
Slide 13
INVESTIGATING SHARK
SHARK TRACKING
 6 Hammerhead sharks : March 2 to August 8, 2006
 1 Ferox Shark : March 12 to May 3, 2007
 New shark tagging campaign at Malpelo foreseen in March 2008
Slide 14
SHARK DATA
DIVERS OBSERVATIONS OF
ABUNDANCE (various species)
 2004-2005 : ~ quarterly cruises
to Malpelo
Number of hammerhead
sharks observed
 2006-2007: ~ monthly cruises to
Malpelo, >10 dives per cruise
Slide 15
2004
2007
SHARK MIGRATIONS
HAMMERHEAD SKARK : A CHALLENGING ANIMAL
 Non breathing poor geolocation
 Powerful swimmer  currents are less constraining
 Often deep  association with SST likely small
 Carnivorous  association with chl-a far from direct
 Viviparous  reproduction sites not strongly constrained by
temperature –but probably by micronekton
…still SST data prove to be extremely useful
….. for improving geolocation !!!
Slide 16
GEOLOCATING SHARKS USING SST
AS A CONSTRAINT
Slide 17
GEOLOCATING SHARKS USING SST
AS A CONSTRAINT
Slide 18
OCEAN COLOR AND SHARKS
INTENDED DIRECT USE
 Time series of Chl-a to analyse biomass variations (dive data)
Slide 19
OCEAN COLOR AND SHARKS
OTHER INTENDED USE :
 input to estimate primary production and then prey abundance
Primary
production
Distribution
of epipelagic
preys
JAN 2004
JAN 2004
Lehodey et al., 2007
Slide 20
SUMMARY
1) Satellite oceanography data are useful in different ways to
help analyze marine biology data (tracking and others)
2) Direct use can be envisioned for analyzing some
behaviours of some species
3) More generally satellite oceanography data are likely to be
used “indirectly” as inputs for the creation of higherlevel, more directly pertinent products :
- Light + SST based geolocation
- Primary & secondary production
- ………
Slide 21
SUMMARY
4) While DIVERSITY is still in the prototyping phase, a VERY
preliminary evaluation of the GLOBCOLOUR &
MEDSPIRATION products has been made
5) Both project teams have
 been reactive to our requests
 implemented and delivered dedicated products on our
EDC area
 provided reliable daily access to these products
6) The MEDSPIRATION SST product appears to be
immediately usable
Slide 22
7) The (prototype) GLOBCOLOUR product still needs work
before being easily usable for studies of marine animals’
migrations.
Forage is made of 6 functional groups moving between 3 vertical
layers
E
1
Day length
= f(Lat, date)
PP
2
3
5
4
En’
Surface
6
Epipelagic layer
T, U, V
Euphotic depth
Mesopelagic layer
T, U, V
2 x Euphotic depth
day
sunset, sunrise
night
Bathypelagic
Layer
T, U, V
1000m
1; epipelagic, 2; migrant- mesopelagic migrant, 3; mesopelagic, 4:
migrant- bathypelagic, 5; highly-migrant bathypelagic , 6; bathypelagic
Ref.: Lehodey et al. 1998 (Fish Oceanog.); Lehodey 2001 (Prog. Oceanog.); Lehodey et
al. submitted (Prog. Oceanog.)
Slide 23