Transcript Life on an Ocean Planet - Home

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►Life on an Ocean Planet
►Defining Your Study
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The Scientist in You
Chapter 1 Page 1-3
Life on an Ocean Planet
What is a scientist?
 Someone who uses the processes of
science to find answers about how
and why things work…
…in the world.
…in the observable universe.
 This is what makes science an
adventure full of discovery and
wonder.
 Science is about facts and how
you analyze those facts. Doing this
analysis is called the “scientific process”
and when you use it, you are a scientist.
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The Ocean Planet
 The oceans produce two influences vital to life on Earth.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-3 to 1-5
Life on an Ocean Planet
 Weather and world climate patterns dictate how warm, cold, wet, or dry it will be. This
largely determines where humans live on land.
 In addition, the oceans provide three important marine resources:
Food • Oxygen • Natural Resources (such as oil)
 Humans have seen all of the Earth’s surface, but there’s far more to discover
below than on it.
 Humans increasingly change the oceans; pollution
and overfishing have caused serious damage, coral
reefs are dying off, and there’s more.
 What you learn here about the science of investigation
and problem-solving, regardless of your final career
choice, benefits you by making you a more capable
person who contributes to society.
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Chapter 1 Pages 1-6 & 1-7
Life on an Ocean Planet
Thinking About the Process of Science
in a Concept Map
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Marine Science
 Marine Science – the process of discovering the facts,
processes, and unifying principles that explain the
nature of the oceans and their associated life forms.
 Oceanography – the science of recording and
describing the ocean’s contents and processes.
 There are four main branches of oceanography.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-8 to 1-10
Defining Your Study
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Biological oceanography – studies life in the ocean.
Chemical oceanography – studies the chemistry of seawater.
Geological oceanography – studies the geology of the ocean.
Physical oceanography – studies the physics within the
marine environment.
 Technology has made marine exploration and
its associated careers possible. It is through
technology that true marine exploration has
become possible.
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Integrating the Sciences
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Marine Science – draws on research from all three of the traditional sciences to understand what is
observed in the ocean. Marine science is truly an interdisciplinary course of study. Most marine scientists
have training in all three of the traditional science disciplines.
 1. Physical Science – study of matter and energy and their interactions.
 2. Life Science – study of living things and their interactions with their environments.
 3. Earth and Space Science – study of the physical Earth, the solar system, the universe and their
interrelationships.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-11 to 1-14
Defining Your Study
Studying Science Itself
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Marine science involves four study areas beyond traditional science disciplines:
 1. Science as Inquiry – applying science as a way of solving problems, answering questions.
 2. Science and Technology – learning how science advances technology and vice-versa.
 3. Science in Personal and Social Perspectives – how science affects you and society.
 4. Historical Nature of Science – understanding how science evolved as a discipline.
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Situatedness is the explanation of when, where, and why a concept came about.
It is important to marine scientists because in oceanography, they may apply established scientific concepts
that they will never personally demonstrate or observe. Situatedness gives scientists some basis for judging
the validity of scientific concepts.
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Cross-Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science
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Chapter 1 Pages 1-15 & 1-16
Defining Your Study
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Many sciences, professions, and careers draw on basic marine science. These disciplines
include: atmospheric science, astronomy, ecology, biomedical research, environmental
science, etc.
Cross-discipline areas of study include:
 Math - Mathematics is the universal “language” that helps you explain
the physical nature of the oceans.
 History – A historical review provides insight to the past, present, and
future of our oceans. A historical background provides a context of how
and why the study of oceanography has changed over time.
 Technology - Some say technology causes problems, some say it
increases our knowledge. It is really the advances in technology that
has made modern oceanography possible.
 Social Sciences - Decisions about the environment may affect the
life of others on the planet.
 Literature - Announcing scientific findings to others requires using
literary and artistic forms.
 Arts - The method of experimentation may be in the form of videography
or ethnography rather than the typical experiment.
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What is Science – a Definition…
 Science is a body of knowledge and an organized method used to gain
knowledge about the observable universe.
 A technology is a material system that produces intended results or in a
general sense, knowledge of those systems.
 Technology has both improved and threatened daily life.
 Benefit - health care, transportation, communication, agriculture and exploration.
 Burden - issues such as pollution spills and global warming.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-19 to 1-21
Science, Technology, Society , and You
…Technology – A Benefit and a Burden
 There are three broad actions that society can take with respect to the effects of
science and technology on the environment:
 1. Consider the environment a lost cause and disregard the effects.
 2. Dismiss the effect as overstated by scientists and inconsequential.
 3. Prioritize the consequences in developing and applying technologies.
 Without a doubt, the last broad action appears the most logical.
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The Scientific Method
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The Five Basic Steps to the scientific method include:
Chapter 1 Pages 1-22 to 1-30
Science, Technology, Society, and You
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The formal, organized steps scientists follow in proposing explanations for their observations
and then testing their explanations are called the scientific method.
When you apply the scientific method, you apply scientific process skills (identifying the
problem, classifying data, communicating findings, interpreting measurements, predicting
outcomes, and recording data).
1. Identify the problem (or question)
2. Make a hypothesis – making an educated guess you can test about the answer.
 You use inductive reasoning to propose a process that explains the facts you observe.
 You use deductive reasoning to propose what you would observe should a known
process take place.
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Interpret and analyze results – if the data support your hypothesis, you have a theory.
5. Report results, procedures and conclusions –
 Reporting results is important because it allows other scientists to verify your work and
conclusions, and It allows other scientists to build on what you’ve learned.
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The Progress of Science
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Staying Current with Science
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Chapter 1 Pages 1-30 to 1-32
Science, Technology, Society, and You
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Because science is a process, it changes.
Science progresses through the revision of theories in the light of new evidence or better
explanations of existing evidence.
Just because there is a new theory and new evidence it does not mean things
change overnight.
Scientific progress also has social and scientific influences. Often, it takes acceptance by
prominent scientists with noted credibility before the new theory replaces the old.
Keeping up with current trends, findings, and developments benefit you:
 You can anticipate changes caused by science and technology, prepare, and advance
your career with them or …. you can disregard them and spend time trying to catch up
with those who don’t.
 By being current you can help society handle the effects of science.
 You can base your ethical evaluations, estimates, and other potential effects on
accurate information.
 You can then vote and voice opinions based on reality rather than on misconceptions.
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Study Elements and Visual References
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Unit 1: Importance of Ocean Exploration
Unit 2: The Foundation of Life in the Ocean
Unit 3: A Water World
Unit 4: The Motion of the Ocean
Unit 5: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
Unit 6: The Present and Future of the Marine Environment
 These units cover a broad spectrum of marine science fundamentals, which
helps you prepare for a career in or related to marine science.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-34 to 1-36
How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently
 There are six basic study elements (units) in Life on an Ocean Planet that divide
marine science into meaningful segments. These units are:
 The six units show you the various marine sciences.
 This covers what related careers involve. One goal being to help you find what areas of
marine science fit best with your interests and desires.
 Most important, however, is your desire, passion, and interest in that career.
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Chapter 1 Pages 1-35 & 1-36
How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively
Visual References to Focus Study
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Headings (black) and subheadings (blue) divide each chapter.
Paying attention to these helps to organize the materials.
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Learning Objectives are green: found under subheadings.
IMPORTANT: as you read, find the answers
to each of the learning objective questions.
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Relevant supplement information: found
in the purple-boxed sidebars.
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Photos and illustrations are red. These provide important
visual information to illustrate what you’re reading.
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Quick Quiz is found at the end of a main
subject division. IMPORTANT: Review
the materials until you understand any
questions missed before moving on.
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Review questions are found at the end of each chapter.
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Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet
 First, read the table of contents; note chapter titles and subheadings.
 Next, go through from cover to cover. Pay attention to style and how it’s
laid out. Look for the pattern in identifying elements; the marine scientist profiles,
quizzes, and reviews. Skim the glossary, index, and references.
 Surveying before reading makes learning more efficient and effective.
It does this by establishing your mental framework about marine science.
Chapter 1 Pages 1-36 to 1-38
How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently
 The first thing to do is survey this book. You do this by:
 After surveying the book
there are five study steps to
follow as you learn.
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